高影响霾天气污染物输送沉降的激光雷达观测

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-6141.2023.06.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 污染物区域间输送是大气环境研究的重点和难点。利用2012―2015 年间浙江省污染程度较高的霾天气过程激光雷达观测数据，根据Mie散射理论和Fernald 反演方法计算污染物垂直浓度，开展了高影响霾天气区域间污染物输送沉降特征定量研究。结果表明： (1) 浙江省高影响霾天气多发生于高压前部转高压控制的情况，高压前部利于外来污染物输入，而高压控制利于本地污染物累积； (2) 不同过程及同一过程不同时刻外来污染物输送高度、质量浓度、结构组成都不相同，污染物集中输送高度一般介于4.5～7.5 km之间，输入最大质量浓度一般介于450～1200 μg·m-3之间，输入污染物中粗颗粒物居多，污染物类型主要包括沙尘和城市污染物； (3) 个例分析表明，输入污染物仅有25%～ 35%沉降到近地面，重力和气温下降是影响沉降的重要原因，其中重力对粗颗粒物沉降作用更大，而气温下降对细颗粒物作用更大。

关键词: 激光雷达, 微波辐射计, Mie散射, 输送, 沉降

Abstract: Inter-regional transport of pollutants is an important and difficult problem in atmospheric environment research. Based on lidar observation data of haze weather processes with high pollution levels in Zhejiang Province, China, from 2012 to 2015, aerosol vertical mass concentration in the region during the period were retrieved and the corresponding inter-regional transport of pollutants in high impact haze weather was studied quantitatively using Mie's theory and Fernald inversion method. The results show that: (1) high impact haze weather in Zhejiang during the period mostly occurs when high-pressure front turns to high-pressure control. High-pressure front is conducive to foreign pollutant input, while high-pressure control is conducive to local pollutant accumulation. (2) The transport height, mass concentration and composition of foreign pollutants vary in different high impact haze processes and even different moments in the same process. The variations of transport height and mass concentration of foreign pollutants are generally from 4.5 to 7.5 km and 450 to 1200 μg·m-3, respectively. Meanwhile, the input pollutants are mainly coarse particles, and the types of pollutants are dominated by sand dust and urban pollutants. (3) Case study shows that only 25 to 35 percent of the input pollutants settles to the near-surface layer. Gravity and temperature decline are the important factors affecting deposition. Comparativley, gravity has a greater effect on the deposition of coarse particles, while air temperature decline has a greater effect on that of fine particles.

Key words: lidar, microwave radiometer, Mie scattering, transport, deposition

中图分类号:

P407.5

毛敏娟, 刘厚通, 邓芳萍, 董一雷 . 高影响霾天气污染物输送沉降的激光雷达观测[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2023, 18(6): 541-552.

MAO Minjuan , LIU Houtong , DENG Fangping , DONG Yilei . Lidar observation of pollutant transport and deposition in high impact haze weather[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2023, 18(6): 541-552.

参考文献 33

[1]	Zhu T, Shang J, Zhao D F. The roles of heterogeneous chemical processes in the formation of an air pollution complex and
	gray haze [J]. Scientia Sinica: Chimica, 2010, 40(12): 1731-1740.
	朱彤, 尚静, 赵德峰. 大气复合污染及灰霾形成中非均相化学过程的作用 [J]. 中国科学: 化学, 2010, 40(12): 1731-1740.
[2]	Zhang J Q, Luo D T, Wang H, et al. Characteristics and source of carbonaceous species in particulate matter during winter in
	Langfang City development zones [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2019, 32(11): 1818-1825.
	张敬巧, 罗达通, 王涵, 等. 廊坊市开发区冬季颗粒物碳组分污染特征及来源分析 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2019, 32(11): 1818-
	1825.
[3]	Liao T T, Wang S, Ai J, et al. Heavy pollution episodes, transport pathways and potential sources of PM2.5 during the winter of
20	13 in Chengdu [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 584/585: 1056-1065.
[4]	Chen H M, Zhuang B L, Liu J, et al. Regional climate responses in east Asia to the black carbon aerosol direct effects from
	India and China in summer [J]. Journal of Climate, 2020, 33(22): 9783-9800.
[5]	Cao K, Zhang W T, Liu S B, et al. Pareto law-based regional inequality analysis of PM2.5 air pollution and economic
	development in China [J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2019, 252(15): 1-9.
[6]	Wu D, Mao J T, Deng X J, et al. Black carbon aerosols and their radiative properties in the Pearl River Delta region [J].
	Science China (Series D), 2009, 39(11): 1542-1553.
	吴兑, 毛节泰, 邓雪娇, 等. 珠江三角洲黑碳气溶胶及其辐射特性的观测研究 [J]. 中国科学 (D辑), 2009, 39(11): 1542-
	1553.
[7]	Mao M J, Du R G, Wu J. Influences of the G20 emission reduction on characteristics of water-soluble ions in PM in Hangzhou
[J]	China Environmental Science, 2019, 39(6): 2283-2290.
	毛敏娟, 杜荣光, 吴建. 杭州G20 减排措施对大气水溶性离子特征的影响 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2019, 39(6): 2283-2290.
[8]	Qu Y W, Wang T J, Wu H, et al. Vertical structure and interaction of ozone and fine particulate matter in spring at Nanjing,
	China: The role of aerosol's radiation feedback [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2020, 222: 117162.
[9]	Liu P F, Zhao C S, Gödel T, et al. Hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles at high relative humidity and their diurnal
	variations in the North China Plain [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2011, 11(7): 3479-3494.
[10]	Liu C, Wang T J, Rosenfeld D, et al. Anthropogenic effects on cloud condensation nuclei distribution and rain initiation in east
	Asia [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2020, 47(2): e2019GL086184.
[11]	Yamamoto G, Tanaka M. Increase of global albedo due to air pollution [J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1972, 29(8):
14	05-1412.
[12]	Mao M J, Liu H T, Du R G. Characteristics and control factors of ozone pollution at different time scales in Hangzhou city [J].
	Research of Environmental Sciences, 2019, 32(11): 1844-1851.
	毛敏娟, 刘厚通, 杜荣光. 不同时间尺度下杭州市O3污染特征及控制因素 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2019, 32(11): 1844-1851.
[13]	Da G A, Min X A, Xing C A, et al. Systematic classification of circulation patterns and integrated analysis of their effects on
	different ozone pollution levels in the Yangtze River Delta Region, China [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2020, 242: 117760.
[14]	Han H, Liu J, Shu L, et al. Local and synoptic meteorological influences on daily variability in summertime surface ozone in
	Eastern China [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2020, 20(1): 203-222.
[15]	Zhan C C, Xie M, Huang C W, et al. Ozone affected by a succession of four landfall typhoons in the Yangtze River Delta,
	China: Major processes and health impacts [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2020, 20(22): 13781-13799.
[16]	Lee K H, Kim Y J, Min J K. Characteristics of aerosol observed during two severe haze events over Korea in June and October
20	04 [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2006, 40(27): 5146-5155.
[17]	Wang S Q, Li W B, Deng X J, et al. Characteristics of air pollutant transport channels in Guangzhou region [J]. China
	Environmental Science, 2015, 35(10): 2883-2890.
	王世强, 黎伟标, 邓雪娇, 等. 广州地区大气污染物输送通道的特征 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2015, 35(10): 2883-2890.
[18]	Shindell D T, Chin M, Dentener F, et al. A multi-model assessment of pollution transport to the Arctic [J]. Atmospheric
	Chemistry and Physics, 2008, 8(17): 5353-5372.
[19]	Bella D, Culpepper J, Khaimova J, et al. Characterization of pollution transport into Texas using OMI and TES satellite, GIS
	and in situ data, and HYSPLIT back trajectory analyses: Implications for TCEQ State Implementation Plans [J]. Air Quality,
	Atmosphere & Health, 2016, 9(5): 569-588.
[20]	Zhang Z G, Gao Q X, Han X Q, et al. The study of pollutant transport between the cities in North China [J]. Research of
	Environmental Sciences, 2004, 17(1): 14-20.
	张志刚, 高庆先, 韩雪琴, 等. 中国华北区域城市间污染物输送研究 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2004, 17(1): 14-20.
[21]	Wang Y, Chai F H, Liu H F, et al. Analysis on the characteristics of horizontal transport of the atmospheric pollutant over the
	Yangtze delta [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2008, 21(1): 22-29.
	王艳, 柴发合, 刘厚凤, 等. 长江三角洲地区大气污染物水平输送场特征分析 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2008, 21(1): 22-29.
[22]	Comerón A, Muñoz-Porcar C, Rocadenbosch F, et al. Current research in lidar technology used for the remote sensing of
	atmospheric aerosols [J]. Sensors, 2017, 17(6): 1450.
[23]	Pal S, Lee T R, Phelps S, et al. Impact of atmospheric boundary layer depth variability and wind reversal on the diurnal
	variability of aerosol concentration at a valley site [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 496: 424-434.
[24]	Voss K J, Welton E J, Quinn P K, et al. Lidar measurements during Aerosols99 [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:
	Atmospheres, 2001, 106(D18): 20821-20831.
[25]	Deng T, Wu D, Deng X J, et al. A vertical sounding of severe haze process in Guangzhou area [J]. Science China Earth
	Sciences, 2014, 57(11): 2650-2656.
[26]	Liu D, Zheng Z F, Chen W B, et al. Performance estimation of space-borne high-spectral-resolution lidar for cloud and aerosol
	optical properties at 532 nm [J]. Optical Express, 2019, 27(8): A481-A494.
[27]	Li M Y, Fan M, Tao J H, et al. The space-borne lidar cloud and aerosol classification algorithms [J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral
	Analysis, 2019, 39(2): 383-391.
	李明阳, 范萌, 陶金花, 等. 星载激光雷达云和气溶胶分类反演算法研究 [J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2019, 39(2): 383-391.
[28]	Ma N, Yang S P, Wang J, et al. Joint observation of a haze episode in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region with space borne and
	ground-based lidar [J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2019, 35(6): 147-156.
	马娜, 杨思鹏, 王界, 等. 京津冀地区一次污染过程的星载-地基激光雷达联合观测分析 [J]. 中国环境监测, 2019, 35(6):
14	7-156.
[29]	Fernald F G. Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations: Some comments [J]. Applied Optics, 1984, 23(5): 652-653.
[30]	Klett J D. Stable analytical inversion solution for processing lidar returns [J]. Applied Optics, 1981, 20(2): 211-220.
[31]	Liu H T, Mao M J. An accurate inversion method of aerosol extinction coefficient about ground-based lidar without needing
	calibration [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(7): 074205.
	刘厚通, 毛敏娟. 一种无需定标的地基激光雷达气溶胶消光系数精确反演方法 [J]. 物理学报, 2019, 68(7): 074205.
[32]	Yuan Y J, Ren D M, Hu X Y. Computing scattering phase function by recursive formula of Mie theory [J]. Chinese Journal of
	Light Scattering, 2005, 17(4): 366-371.
	袁易君, 任德明, 胡孝勇. Mie理论递推公式计算散射相位函数 [J]. 光散射学报, 2005, 17(4): 366-371.
[33]	Li X B, Hu S X, Zhu W Y, et al. Characteristics of aerosol size distribution in Hefei, Yuexi, Xiamen and Beijing[J]. Journal of
	Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2011, 6(2): 154-162.
	李学彬, 胡顺星, 朱文越, 等. 合肥、岳西、厦门和北京气溶胶谱分布特征分析 [J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2011, 6(2): 154-
	162.