夏季热带及副热带降水云可见光/红外信号气候分布特征

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过融合热带测雨卫星(TRMM)测雨雷达(PR)和可见光/红外扫描仪(VIRS)十年的探测结果，利用PR对降水云的直接识别，分析研究了夏季热带和副热带地区降水云及层状降水云和对流降水云的可见光0.63μm与红外10.8μm通道信号的气候特征。研究结果表明热带辐合带(ITCZ)、南半球辐合带(SPCZ)、亚洲季风区、热带非洲、北美及南美热带地区降水云的0.63μm通道平均反射率均大于0.5，最大平均反射率可达0.7以上，且降水云平均反射率在陆面高于洋面；热带和副热带非降水情况的0.63μm通道的平均反射率量值变化于0.1至0.4之间。夏季热带和副热带95%以上的对流降水平均反射率超过0.5，而只有50%层云降水的平均反射率超过0.5。夏季亚洲季风区、ITCZ、SPCZ、热带非洲降水区域的10.8μm通道平均辐射温度低于250K，而非降水情形的平均辐射温度高于280K；热带非洲、青藏高原、中美洲及热带东太平洋对流降水的10.8μm通道平均辐射温度多低于230K，而在东北和东南太平洋、北部非洲和南部非洲、南美陆面的大部分地区层云降水该通道的平均温度在280K~290K之间。研究结果还表明降水情形下，热带东半球热辐射温度比西半球温度偏低约10K，相应东半球的0.63μm通道平均反射率也高于西半球。

关键词: 测雨雷达, 可见光/红外扫描仪, 降水云, 对流, 层云

Abstract:

Climatological characteristics of VIRS (Visible and Infrared Scanner), mainly at channel 0.63μm and 10.8μm, from precipitating clouds including stratiform and convective precipitation in summer from 1998 to 2007 over the tropics and Subtropics are investigated based on combining measurements of VIRS and TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) PR (Precipitation Radar) together with the precipitating cloud identification of PR detections. Results indicate the distributions of more than 0.5 mean reflectivity at channel 0.63μm for precipitating clouds located in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), southern Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ), Asian monsoon region, tropical Africa, North America and southern tropical America. The maximum mean reflectivity over these regions is over 0.7. Generally, the mean reflectivity of precipitating clouds over land is larger than that over ocean. On the contrary, the mean reflectivity for non-precipitating circumstance over the tropics and subtropics only varies from 0.1 to 0.4. For 95% convective precipitation, its mean reflectivity is over 0.5 against only 50% stratiform precipitation with such mean reflectivity. At channel 10.8μm, the mean radiant temperature lower than 250K appears in the precipitation regions over Asian monsoon, ITCZ, SPCZ and tropical Africa accompanying with higher than 280K in non-precipitation regions. The mean radiant temperature of most convective precipitation at channel 10.8μm is lower than 230K over the tropical Africa, Tibet plateau, the central America and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean while that of most stratiform precipitation varies from 280K to 290K over the northeast and southeast Pacific, North Africa, South Africa and most parts of South America. Moreover, the radiant temperature of precipitation cloud over the eastern hemisphere is 10K higher than that over the western hemisphere coincidently with the higher reflectivity at channel 0.63μm in the eastern hemisphere.

Key words: precipitaion radar, visible and infrared scanner, precipitating cloud, convective, stratiform

中图分类号:

P407
P426

傅云飞刘鹏刘奇马明孙亮王雨. 夏季热带及副热带降水云可见光/红外信号气候分布特征[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2011, 6(2): 129-.

FU Yun-Fei, LIU Peng, LIU Qi, MA Ming, SUN Liang, WANG Yu. Climatological Characteristics of VIRS Channels for Precipitating Cloud in Summer over the Tropics and Subtropics[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2011, 6(2): 129-.

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