降水粒子的成像探测技术及仪器初探

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

降水粒子识别在天气现象的自动观测、人工影响天气及天气雷达定标等领域有重要应用。针对降水粒子的形状测量，总结了两种成像探测仪器的原理、主要技术指标、功能及应用情况；提出一种基于线阵CCD的降水粒子狭缝摄像方法，分析了CCD对降水粒子的线扫描过程及粒子形状获取过程；构建了降水粒子测量的光学系统，成像系统采用远心光路以提高测量精度，照明系统采用克拉照明以获得均匀照明；最后分析了待解决的问题。

关键词: 成像, 狭缝摄像, 线阵扫描, 降水粒子探测

Abstract:

Precipitation identification is important in automated weather observations, weather radar calibration and other related research areas. As to measurement of precipitation shape, two-dimensional video disdrometer’ s principle, main technical parameter, function and application are concluded firstly, then a precipitation slit photographic based on linear CCD is put forwarded, the process of linear scanning and the reconstruction process of precipitation are analyzed, the measuring optical system with telecentric optical system as imaging system and Cora illumination as lighting system are designed, which can help to realize uniform lighting and high precision measurement, and prospective problems were analyzed at last.

Key words: imaging, slit photographic, linear array scanning, precipitation detection

岑家生, 王青梅, 罗晖, 吴强. 降水粒子的成像探测技术及仪器初探[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2011, 6(6): 415-422.

CEN Jia-sheng, WANG Qing-mei, LUO Hui, WU Qiang. Preliminary Study of Raindrop Measurement Technology and Instrument by Imaging[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2011, 6(6): 415-422.

参考文献

[1] Wang Qingmei, Yangyanling, Xie Bangli. Measurement of rain by optical scintillation [J]. Quantum Electronics, 1994, 11(3): 198-203(in Chinese). 王青梅, 杨艳玲, 谢邦力. 利用雨的光闪烁效应测量降水强度 [J]. 量子电子学报, 1994, 11(3): 198-203.
[2] Knollenberg R G. The optical array: an alternative to scattering or extinction for airborne particle size determination [J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1969, 9(1): 86-103.
[3] Murakami M, Matsuo T. Development of the hydrometeor videosonde [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 1990, 7(5): 613-620
[4] SchÖnhuber M, Lammer G, Randeu W L. One decade of imaging precipitation measurement by 2D-video-distrometer
[J]. Adv. Geosci., 2007, 10: 85-90.
[5] Kruger A, Krajewski W F. Two-dimensional video disdrometer: a description [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2002, 19(5): 602-617.
[6] Barthazy E, GÖke S, Schefold R, et al. An optical array instrument for shape and fall velocity measurements of hydrometeors [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2004, 21(9): 1400-1416.
[7] Schönhuber M, Urban H E, Baptista J P V P, et al. Measurements of precipitation characteristics by a new distrometer
[R]. 1994.
[8] Gunn R, Kinzer G D. The terminal velocity of fall for water droplets in stagnant air [J]. J. Meteorol., 1949, 6(4): 243-248.
[9] Atlas D, Shrivastava R C, Sekhon R S. Doppler radar characteristics of precipitation at vertical incidence
[J]. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 1973, 11(1): 1-35.
[10] Brandes E A, Ikeda K, Zhang G F, et al. A statistical and physical description of hydrometeor distributions in Colorado snowstorms using a video disdrometer [J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 2007, 46(5): 634-650.
[11] Thural M, Bringi V N. Drop axis ratios from a 2D video disdrometer
[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2005, 22(7): 966-978.
[12] Goddard J W F, Cherry S M. The ability of dual-polarization radar (co-polar linear) to predict rainfall rate and microwave attenuation [J]. Radio Sci., 1984, 19(1): 201-208.
[13] Brandes E A, G Zhang, Vivekanandan J. Experiments in rainfall estimation with a polarimetric radar in a subtropical environment [J]. Appl. Meteor., 2002, 41(6): 674-684.
[14] Huang G J, Bringi V N, Thurai M. Orientation angle distributions of drops after an 80-m fall using a 2D video disdrometer [J]. Notes and Correspondence, 2008, 25(9): 1717-1723.
[15] Yu Daoyin, Tan Hengying. Engineering Optics [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 1999: 28-33(in Chinese). 郁道银，谭恒英. 工程光学 [M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1999: 28-33.