地基GPS/MET探测水汽等相关参数精度分析

大气与环境光学学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (2): 138-145.

地基GPS/MET探测水汽等相关参数精度分析

杜明斌1,2, 尹球1, 刘敏1, 朱雪松1, 郭巍1

（1 上海市卫星遥感与测量应用中心，上海 201199；
2 南京大学，南京 210093）

收稿日期:2012-09-24 修回日期:2012-11-14 发布日期:2013-03-07
通讯作者: 杜明斌（1983），男，安徽太和人，硕士，主要研究方向为GPS气象应用、数值同化和天气学分析。 E-mail:nyicer@hotmail.com
作者简介:杜明斌（1983），男，安徽太和人，硕士，主要研究方向为GPS气象应用、数值同化和天气学分析。
基金资助:
上海市科委科技攻关计划(11511501900)资助

Analysis of Ground-Based GPS/MET Inversion Precision of Water Vapor and Relative Parameters

DU Ming-bin1, 2, YIN Qiu1, LIU Min1, ZHU Xue-song1, GUO Wei1

( 1 Shanghai Center for Satellite Remote Sensing Applications, Shanghai, 201100;
2 Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093; )

Received:2012-09-24 Revised:2012-11-14 Online:2013-03-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于对大气中水汽重要性及GPS测量大气水汽优势的双重认识，进入本世纪以来，华东区域各省气象部门联合与测绘院、天文台等其他部门建起了相当规模的GPS气象探测网(GPS/MET)。根据2010年华东区域地基GPS/MET数据，选择与GPS站相距10 km内的无线电探空站资料，对华东区域地基GPS/MET反演的大气整层可降水量（PWV）、大气整层湿延迟（ZWD）和大气整层总延迟（ZTD）进行精度检验，结果表明：（1）GPS/MET反演的PWV与探空结果相比具有很高的一致性，平均误差在1 mm以下，相对误差11.54%；GPS/ZTD反演的精度更高，百分比误差小于1%。（2）反演的各个量与探空资料具有很高的相关性，其中平均相关系数中PWV和ZWD都超过0.98，ZTD为0.977。对GPS/PWV精度按季节进行相关系数分析得，除夏季相关系数为0.927，相对较低，其余季节相关系数均为0.96以上。（3）以本地的无线电探空站资料为基准，与NCEP再分析资料对比发现GPS/PWV的反演精度要优于NCEP再分析场资料反演的大气整层可降水量。因此区域GPS/MET网反演的产品对提高灾害性天气的监测和预报能力, 改进数值天气预报精度已显示出广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 全球定位系统, 可降水量, 延迟, 无线电探空

Abstract:

Based on the importance of water vapor in the atmosphere and the advantage of GPS in measuring atmospheric water vapor, several departments, including meteorological departments, institute of surveying and mapping, and astronomical observatory in East China, have established the GPS/MET network. Data is collected to analyze the accuracy of precipitable water vapor (PWV), zenith wet delay (ZWD) and zenith total delay (ZTD), which are derived by GPS/MET. It is compared with radiosonde data within 10 km from GPS stations. The result shows that: (1) The PWV data obtained by inversion of GPS/MET have high consistency with radionsonde result, the average error is less than 1 mm and the relative error is 11.54%. Moreover, the accuracy of GPS/ZTD is even higher and the relative error is less than 1%. (2)The correlation coefficients between inversion of each quantity and radionsonde result are high. Specifically, the coefficients of PWV and ZWD are more than 0.98, while the coefficient of ZTD is 0.977. Apart from that in summer, the coefficient of GPS/PWV is 0.927, and it is more than 0.96 in other seasons. (3)Based on the results of radiosonde data, the accuracy of GPS/PWV is better than results derived by NECP data. It has a broad application prospect in improving the severe weather monitoring, and prediction ability and the numerical weather forecast accuracy.

Key words: GPS, precipitable water vapor, total delay; radiosonde

中图分类号:

P228.4

杜明斌尹球刘敏朱雪松郭巍. 地基GPS/MET探测水汽等相关参数精度分析[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2013, 8(2): 138-145.

DU Meng-Bin, YIN Qiu, LIU Min, ZHU Xue-Song, GUO Wei. Analysis of Ground-Based GPS/MET Inversion Precision of Water Vapor and Relative Parameters[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2013, 8(2): 138-145.

参考文献

[1] Rocken C, Van-Hove T, Johnson J, et al. GPS/STORM——GPS sensing of atmospheric water vapor for meteorology [J]. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 1995, 12(3): 468-478.
[2] Duan J, Bevis M, Fang P, et al. GPS Meteorology: direct estimation of the absolute value of precipitable water [J]. Appl. Meteor.,1996, 35(6): 830-838.
[3] Wang Xiaoya, Zhu Wenyao, Yan Haojian, et al. Preliminary results of precipitable water vapor monitored by ground-based GPS [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 1999, 23(5): 605-612(in Chinese).
王小亚, 朱文耀, 严豪健, 等. 地面GPS探测大气可降水量的初步结果 [J]. 大气科学, 1999, 23(5): 605-612.
[4] Ding Jincai, Ye Qixin, Ma Xiaoxing, et al. Some bases of reasonable distribution of GPS stations within an area GPS/ MET network [J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2006, 32(2): 34-39(in Chinese). 丁金才, 叶其欣, 马晓星, 等. 区域 GPS气象网站点合理布设的几点依据 [J]. 气象, 2006, 32(2): 34-39.
[5] Yuan Zhaohong, Ding Jincai, Chen Yonglin. A comparison study of precipitable water simulated by NWP and GPS observations [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2004, 28(3): 433-440(in Chinese).
袁招洪, 丁金才, 陈永林. 中尺度数值预报模式预报水汽与GPS观测的比较研究 [J]. 大气科学, 2004, 28(3): 433-440.
[6] Thayer G D. An improved equation for the radio refractive index of air [J]. Radio Sci., 1974, 9(10): 803-807.
[7] Owens J C. Optical refractive index of air: dependence on pressure, temperature and composition [J]. Appl. Opt.,1967, 6(1): 51-59.
[8] Davis J L, Herring T A, Shapiro I I, et al. Geodesy by radio interferometry: effects of atmospheric modeling errors on estimates of baseline length [J]. Radio Sci.,1985, 20(6): 1593-1607.
[9] Xu Ying, Ding Yihui, Zhao Zongci. Confidence analysis of NCEP/ NCAR 50-year global reanalyzed data in climate change research in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2001, 12(3): 337-347(in Chinese).
徐影, 丁一汇, 赵宗慈. 美国NCEP/NCAR近50年全球再分析资料在我国气候变化研究中可信度的初步分析 [J]. 应用气象学报, 2001, 12(3): 337-347.
[10] Su Zhixia, Lv Shihua, Luo Siwei. The examinations and analysis of NCEP/NCAR 40 years global reanalysis data in China [J]. Plateau Meteorology, 1999, 18(2): 209-218(in Chinese).
苏志侠, 吕世华, 罗思维. 美国NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料及其初步分析 [J]. 高原气象, 1999, 18(2): 209-218.
[11] Du Mingbin, Yang Yinming, Ding Jincai. Evaluation for retrieving precision and some merits of COSMIC data [J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 2009, 20(5): 586-593(in Chinese). 杜明斌, 杨引明, 丁金才. COSMIC反演精度和有关特性分析 [J]. 应用气象学报, 2009, 20(5): 586-593.