基于激光雷达和地面监测数据对南京一次沙尘和细粒子污染时空演变特征的分析

大气与环境光学学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (4): 270-280.

基于激光雷达和地面监测数据对南京一次沙尘和细粒子污染时空演变特征的分析

秦玮1，范广强2*，张天舒2，吕立慧2，项衍2，盛世杰3

（1 江苏省环境监测中心，江苏南京，210036；
2 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所中国科学院环境光学与技术重点实验室，安徽合肥，230031；
3 无锡中科光电技术有限公司，江苏无锡，214000）

收稿日期:2016-04-28 修回日期:2016-05-25 出版日期:2016-07-28 发布日期:2016-07-15
通讯作者: 秦玮（1981-），男，江苏无锡人，工程师，学士，从事空气质量及污染来源监测工作。 E-mail:gqfan@aiofm.ac.cn
作者简介:秦玮（1981-），男，江苏无锡人，工程师，学士，从事空气质量及污染来源监测工作。
基金资助:
Supported by Environmental Projection Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Province(江苏省环保科研项目,2014002),Project of Environmental Monitoring and Research Fund of Jiangsu Province(江苏省环境监测科研基金项目,1101）, Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China（国家自然科学基金重大研究计划，91544232）

Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of a Dust and Fine Particle Pollution in Nanjing Based by Lidar and Ground Monitoring Data

QIN Wei1, FAN Guangqiang2*, ZHANG Tianshu2, LV Lihui2, XIANG Yan2, Sheng Shijie3

（1 Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210036, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, China;
3 Wuxi CAS Photonics CO., Ltd, Wuxi 214000, China）

Received:2016-04-28 Revised:2016-05-25 Published:2016-07-28 Online:2016-07-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用偏振激光雷达对南京2015年3月一次沙尘和细粒子污染共存过程的颗粒物垂直分布特征进行观测研究，结合地面气象数据、PM2.5和PM10质量浓度数据、PM2.5组分数据、卫星MODIS测量结果，探讨不同颗粒形态下的气象因素、颗粒物浓度分布、组分特征以及颗粒物光学特性的时间演变和垂直分布特征。结果表明：高湿、弱风等不利气象条件利于二次粒子的生成和累积，期间水溶性组分中SNA(SO42-、NO3-、NH4+)等二次组分浓度明显升高；同一时期长距离输入的沙尘发生的沉降对地面PM2.5化学组分构成显著影响，3月21日下午时段至3月22日在1.1~2.5 km高度的沙尘颗粒物向地面输送造成地面PM2.5的Ca2+突然增大到3.2 μg/m3；3月22日下午以后在东南气流影响下，地面PM2.5向西扩散，PM2.5颗粒物浓度得到有效稀释，同时段出现了沙尘输入和扬尘过程，扬尘过程和沙尘输入使地面的粗颗粒增多，PM10剧增至347 ug/m3；南京与无锡地区的颗粒物时空分布呈现高度相似的变化特点，具有区域性分布特征。后向轨迹分析表明，500 m、800 m及1000 m三个高度气团移动方向基本一致，主要从内蒙、京津冀、山东等地入海，后又经东海返回内陆抵达南京。

关键词: 颗粒物, 激光雷达, 卫星遥感, 水溶性组分, 后向轨迹

Abstract:

The vertical distribution characteristics of a dust and fine particle pollution process of Nanjing were measured and studied by polarization lidar in March, 2015. The meteorological factors, particle concentration distribution, particle composition and optical properties of different kinds of particles were discussed, combining with ground meteorological data, PM2.5 and PM10 concentration data, PM2.5 component data and the result observed by MODIS satellite. The results indicate that the adverse weather conditions such as high humidity and weak wind are favorable for the formation and accumulation of the secondary particles, and the SNA (SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺) concentration of soluble components showed a significant increasing trend during the experimental period. At the same time, the settlements of sand particle from long distance significantly influenced the chemical composition of the ground PM2.5. The dust particles from 1.1 km to 2.5 km were transported to the ground during afternoon of March 21 to March 22, which caused Ca2+ iron concentration of PM2.5 increase to 3.2 ug/m3 suddenly. The PM2.5 spread to the west and the PM2.5 concentration was reduced efficiently under the influence of southeast current after afternoon in March 22. At the same time, dust transport and fugitive dust occurred, causing the concentration of coarse particles up to 347 ug/m3. Compared with the particle distribution of Wuxi, the particle distribution characteristics in Nanjing showed highly similar characteristics, it indicated the particles distribution was regional. Finally the backward trajectory analysis showed that the backward trajectories were largely consistent at the height of 500 m, 800 m and 1000 m, the air mass originated from Mongolia, and passed Beijing, Shandong, then moved to the East China Sea, finally backed to Nanjing.

Key words: particle, lidar, satellite remote sensing, water soluble components, backward trajectory

中图分类号:

X513

秦玮范广强张天舒吕立慧项衍盛世杰. 基于激光雷达和地面监测数据对南京一次沙尘和细粒子污染时空演变特征的分析[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2016, 11(4): 270-280.

QIN Wei, FAN Guang-Jiang, ZHANG Tian-Shu, LV Li-Hui, XIANG Yan, SHENG Shi-Jie. Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of a Dust and Fine Particle Pollution in Nanjing Based by Lidar and Ground Monitoring Data[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2016, 11(4): 270-280.

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