灰霾中主要污染物粒子散射特性的研究

大气与环境光学学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (2): 100-108.

灰霾中主要污染物粒子散射特性的研究

徐强, 王东琴, 王旭, 白进强, 吴振森

（西安电子科技大学物理与光电工程学院，陕西西安 710071）

收稿日期:2015-07-10 修回日期:2015-08-14 出版日期:2017-03-28 发布日期:2017-03-23
通讯作者: 徐强 (1973-)，男，陕西省西安市人，博士，副教授，主要从事激光传输、散射方面的研究。 E-mail:qxu@xidian.edu.cn
作者简介:徐强 (1973-)，男，陕西省西安市人，博士，副教授，主要从事激光传输、散射方面的研究。
基金资助:
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China（国家自然科学基金, 61172031），China Scholarship Council Project（国家留学基金）

Study on Scattering Characteristics of Main Pollutant Particles in Haze

XU Qiang, WANG Dongqin, WANG Xu, BAI Jinqiang, WU Zhensen

(School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China)

Received:2015-07-10 Revised:2015-08-14 Published:2017-03-28 Online:2017-03-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分析了灰霾污染天气条件下气溶胶的物理光学特性，研究了PM2.5污染物粒子主要成分，包含硫酸铵、硫酸、硝酸铵和碳质气溶胶等粒子。运用Mie散射理论对此类灰霾粒子的光散射特性进行了研究，分析计算了上述几种粒子组分的散射、吸收、消光效率因子以及散射相函数。结果表明硫酸铵、硫酸和硝酸铵粒子主要以散射作用为主，吸收效应很弱几乎为零，且散射效率因子随尺度参数振荡衰减最终趋于常数2，而碳质气溶胶粒子则表现出较强的吸收效应。最后通过对比不同半径不同粒子的散射相函数，结果表明粒子相函数对粒子大小和复折射率较为敏感，且前后向散射具有一定的对称性。该研究结果可用于大气污染光学遥感监测。

关键词: 灰霾, PM2.5, Mie理论, 散射特性

Abstract:

Physical-optical properties of aerosols in the pollution haze weather are analyzed, and the main ingredients of PM2.5 is studied, including ammonium sulfate, sulfuric acid, ammonium nitrate and carbonaceous aerosol particles. The scattering characteristics of the particles in haze are studied by using Mie theory, and the properties of scattering, absorption, extinction efficiency factor and scattering phase function of the above four components are analyzed. Results show that ammonium sulfate, sulfuric acid and ammonium nitrate particles have strong-scattering effect, but slight absorbtion effect, and the scattering efficiency factor attenuates oscillatorily with the increase of size parameter, eventually close to constant 2, while the carbonaceous aerosol particles show a greater absorption effect. Finally, by comparing scattering phase functions of different particles with the different radius, it shows that the phase function of particle is more sensitive to size and complex refractive index, and the forward and backward scattering has a certain degree of symmetry. The results can be used for optical remote sensing monitoring of air pollution.

Key words: haze, PM2.5, Mie theory, scattering characteristics

中图分类号:

P412

徐强王东琴王旭白进强吴振森. 灰霾中主要污染物粒子散射特性的研究[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2017, 12(2): 100-108.

XU Qiang, WANG Dong-Qin, WANG Xu, BAI Jin-Qiang, WU Zhen-Sen. Study on Scattering Characteristics of Main Pollutant Particles in Haze[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2017, 12(2): 100-108.

参考文献

[1] Wu Dui. Haze weather research in China in the last decade: A review [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2012, 32(2): 257-269(in Chinese).
吴兑.近十年中国灰霾天气研究综述 [J].环境科学学报,2012, 32(2): 257-269.
[2] He Hong, Wang Xinming, Wang Yuesi, et al. Formation mechanism and control strategies of haze in China [J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2013, 28(3): 344-352(in Chinese).
贺泓,王新明, 王跃思, 等.大气灰霾追因与控制 [J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2013, 28(3): 344-352.
[3] Liu Jianguo, Gui Huaqiao, Xie Pinhua, et al. Recent progress of atmospheric haze monitoring technology [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics [J]. 2015, 10(2): 93-101(in Chinese).
刘建国, 桂华侨, 谢品华, 等. 大气灰霾监测技术研究进展 [J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2015, 10(2): 93-101.
[4] Huang Zuzhao, Dong Yunsheng, Liu Jianguo, et al. Observation and analysis of a haze process in Perl River Delta region using lidar [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2013, 8(2): 115-123(in Chinese).
黄祖照, 董云升, 刘建国, 等. 珠三角地区一次灰霆天气过程激光雷达观测与分析 [J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2013, 8(2): 115-123.
[5] Long Shilei. Characteristics of Major Physical and Chemical Processes During Haze Day in Shanghai [D]. Beijing: Doctorial Dissertation of University in Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2014(in Chinese).
龙时磊. 上海地区灰霾过程中的主要物理和化学问题研究 [D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学博士论文, 2014.
[6] Cao Lingxian, Geng Hong, Yao Chenting, et al. Investigation of chemical compositions of atmospheric fine particles during a wintertime haze episode in Taiyuan City [J]. China Environmental Science, 2014, 34(4): 837-843(in Chinese).
曹玲娴, 耿红, 姚晨婷, 等. 太原市冬季灰霾期间大气细颗粒物化学成分特征 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2014, 34(4): 837-843.
[7] Jia Haihong, Wang Zuwu, Zhang Ruirong. Summarization of PM2.5 [J]. Pollution Prevention and Control Technology, 2013(s1): 135-138(in Chinese).
贾海红, 王祖武, 张瑞荣. 关于PM2.5的综述 [J]. 污染防治技术, 2003(s1): 135-138. [8] Aden A L, Kerker M. Scattering of electromoynclic waves from two concentric spheres [J]. J. Appl. Phys., 1951, 22(10): 1242-1246.
[9] Bohren C F, Huffman D R. Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles [M]. New York: Wiley Science, 1983.
[10] Van de Hulst H C. Light Scattering by Little Particles [M]. New York: Dover, 1981.
[11] Che Huizheng, Shi guangyu, Qu Wenjun, et al. Aerosol optical characteristics in Mu Us Desert under weather conditions of dust strom and haze [J]. Powder and Technology of China, 2005(3): 4-7(in Chinese).
车慧正, 石广玉, 屈文军. 沙尘和灰霾天气下毛乌素沙漠地区大气气溶胶的光学特征 [J]. 中国粉体技术, 2005(3): 4-7.
[12] Zhang Lisheng, Shi Guangyu. The global anthropogenic sulfate and soot data and distribution characteristics of the optical depth [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2000, 5(1): 67-74(in Chinese).
张立盛, 石广玉. 全球人为硫酸盐和烟尘气溶胶资料及其光学厚度的分布特征 [J]. 气候与环境研究, 2000, 5(1): 67-74.
[13] Feng Mingchun, Gao Minguang, Xu Liang, et al. Measurement and analysis method of the complex refractive index on water-soluble aerosol by FTIR [J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2012, 32(4): 7-10(in Chinese).
冯明春, 高闽光, 徐亮, 等. 傅里叶变换红外光谱对水溶性气溶胶复折射率的测量分析方法研究 [J]. 光学学报, 2012, 32(4): 7-10.
[14] Huang Peiqiang, Sheng Xia. A number of scattering characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles in troposphere and stratosphere [J]. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica, 1996, 16(3): 233-239(in Chinese).
黄培强, 盛夏. 对流层与平流层大气气溶胶粒子的若干散射特性 [J]. 气象科学, 1996, 16(3): 233-239.
[15] Liu Na, Wei Xiuli, Xu Liang, et al. Optical properties research of NH4NO3 by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2013, 33(7): 1771-1774(in Chinese).
刘娜, 魏秀丽, 徐亮, 等. 大气气溶胶中NO3-的光学特性研究 [J]. 光谱学和光谱分析, 2013, 33(7): 1771-1774.
[16] Ma Jinghui, Zheng Youfei, Zhang Hua. The optical depth global distribution of black carbon aerosol and its possible reason analysis [J]. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica, 2007, 27(5): 549-556(in Chinese).
马井会, 郑有飞, 张华. 黑碳气溶胶光学厚度的全球分布及分析 [J]. 气象科学, 2007, 27(5): 549-556.
[17] Twitty J T, Weinman J A. Radiative Properties of Carbonaceous Aerosols [D]. Madison: Doctorial Dissertation of University of Wisconsin, 1971.
[18] Massie S T, Hervig M. HITRAN 2012 refractive indices [J]. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 2013, 130: 373-380. [19] Lin Kunzhi, Tian Guicai. Calculation of optical cross sections and infrared emissivity spectra of ZnS microparticle [J]. Journal of Molecular Science, 2000, 16(4): 242-245(in Chinese).
林琨智,田贵才. ZnS微粒子的光学截面及红外发射率光谱的计算 [J]. 分子科学学报, 2000, 16(4): 242-245.
[20] Zhang Heyong, Ren Deming, Zhao Weijiang, et al. Research of scattering phase function of spheric particle under polarized state [J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2008, 35(9): 70-75(in Chinese).
张合勇,任德明,赵卫疆,等.偏振状态下球形粒子的散射相位函数研究 [J]. 光电工程,2008, 35(9): 70-75.
[21] Yuan Yijun, Ren Deming, Hu Xiaoyong. Computing scattering phase function by recursive formula of Mie theory [J]. Chinese Journal of Light Scattering, 2005, 17(4): 366-371(in Chinese).
袁易君, 任德明, 胡孝勇. Mie理论递推公式计算散射相位函数 [J].光散射学报,2005, 17( 4): 366-371.
[22] Du Zhufeng, Lu Yimin, Huang Tiexia. The approximate calculation of scattering phase function [J]. Journal of Optoelectronics?Laser, 1998, 9(5): 422-425(in Chinese).
杜竹峰,卢益民,黄铁侠,等. 散射相位函数的近似计算 [J]. 光电子?激光,1998, 9(5): 422-425.
[23] Wu Jian, Yang Chunping, Liu Jianbing. Atmospheric Optical Transmission Theory [M]. Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press, 2005(in Chinese).
吴健, 杨春平, 刘建斌. 大气中的光传输理论 [M]. 北京: 北京邮电大学出版社, 2005.