地基天空背景辐射测量技术及其应用研究现状与展望

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天空背景辐射是指大气粒子对太阳光的吸收和散射形成的大气层内散射光亮度的空间分布，在科学研究及工程应用方面发挥重要作用。简要介绍了几种地基天空背景辐射测量仪器，并从大气气溶胶粒子光学特性反演，大气柱中水汽、臭氧、NO2等气体含量反演，及云的分布判别几个方面阐述了地基天空背景光谱辐射分布在大气光学方面的应用，为后续的研究提供参考。最后，提出几点根据全天空背景光谱辐射进行环境感知及天气识别等方面的研究目标。

关键词: 天空背景辐射, 大气探测, 气溶胶, 光谱, 天气识别

Abstract:

Background sky radiation means the spatial distribution of sunlight absorbed and scattered by particles in the atmosphere. It is important in scientific research and engineering applications. Kinds of ground-based instruments for measuring the background sky radiation are introduced. Algorithms of estimating the optical properties of atmospheric aerosol, the column density of water vapor, ozone and nitrogen dioxide as well as the spatial distribution of clouds are reviewed to illustrate the applications of background radiation in atmospheric optics research. It is the reference for the follow-up studies, according to the background spectra radiation in the atmosphere. Several research objectives about environmental perception and weather identification according to the all sky background spectra radiance are proposed.

Key words: background sky radiation, atmospheric detection, aerosol, spectrum, weather identification

中图分类号:

P412

孙凤萤梅海平武鹏飞饶瑞中. 地基天空背景辐射测量技术及其应用研究现状与展望[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2017, 12(2): 81-92.

SUN Feng-Ying, MEI Hai-Ping, WU Peng-Fei, RAO Rui-Zhong. Current Situation and Prospect of Ground-Based Background Sky Radiance Measurement Technique and Its Applications[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2017, 12(2): 81-92.

参考文献

[1] Li Wei. Whole Sky Brightness and a New Measurement Technology [D]. Hefei: Master’s Thesis of Anhui Institute Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2008(in Chinese).
李威. 全天空亮度及其测量技术研究 [D]. 合肥: 中国科学院安徽光机所硕士论文, 2008.
[2] Rao Ruizhong. Modern Atmospheric Optics [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2012: 326-335(in Chinese).
饶瑞中. 现代大气光学 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012: 326-335.
[3] Long C N, Slater D W, Tooman T P. Total Sky Imager Model 880 Status and Testing Results [M]. Richland, Wash, USA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 2001.
[4] Shields J E, Karr M E, Tooman T P, et al. The whole sky imager–a year of progress [C]//Eighth Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting, Tucson, Arizona. 1998: 23-27.
[5] Cinzano P, Falchi F. A portable wide-field instrument for mapping night sky brightness automatically [J]. Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, 2003, 74: 458.
[6] Huo Juan, Lv Daren. Preliminary study on cloud-cover using an ALL-Sky digital camera [J]. Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, 2002, 25(2): 243-246(in Chinese).
霍娟, 吕达仁. 全天空数字相机观测云量的初步研究 [J]. 南京气象学院学报, 2002, 25(2): 243-246.
[7] China Bureau of Monitoring Network Division. Sun Photometer Technology Manual of CE318 [M]. 2010: 6-13(in Chinese). 中国气象局监测网络司. CE318太阳光度计技术手册 [M]. 2010: 6-13.
[8] Mitchell R M. Aerosol measurment in the Australian outback: intercomparsion of sun photometers [J]. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 2003, 20(1): 54-66.
[9] Pandithural G, Pinker R T, Takamura T, et al. Aerosol radiative forcing over a tropical urban site in India [J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2004, 31(12): L12107. 1-L12107. 4.
[10] Beijing Techno Solutions Limited. Sky radiometer of POM-01/02 [OL]. http://www.technosolutions.cn/2012/0904/281.html(in Chinese).
北京天诺基业科技有限公司. POM-01/02天空辐射计 [OL]. http://www.technosolutions.cn/2012/0904/281.html.
[11] Zhao Dongtian, Ye Guangrong, Kang Wengang, et al. A novel system for sampling the daylight information [J]. China Illuminating Engineering Journal, 1994, 5(3): 28-33(in Chinese).
赵东田, 叶光荣, 康文刚, 等. 一种新颖的昼光信息采集系统 [J]. 照明工程学报, 1994, 5(3): 28-33.
[12] Liu Weifeng, Zhao Guoming, Wang Lei, et al. Design of sky-light radiation luminance measurement system [J]. Journal of Applied Optics, 2010, 31(3): 455-458(in Chinese).
刘伟峰, 赵国民, 王雷, 等. 天空光辐射亮度测量系统设计 [J]. 应用光学, 2010, 31(3): 455-458.
[13] Liu Weifeng, Xie Yongjie, Zhao Lezhi. Measurement and reaearch on sky background radiance luminance [J]. Journal of Applied Optics, 2012, 33(2): 351-354(in Chinese).
刘伟峰, 谢永杰, 赵乐至. 天空背景辐射亮度测量与研究 [J]. 应用光学, 2012, 33(2): 351-354.
[14] Li Wei, Zhan Jie, Shao Shiyong, et al. Development of hemispherical instrument for sky brightness [J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2008, 28(10): 1844-1848(in Chinese).
李威, 詹杰, 邵士勇, 等. 一种半球形天空亮度测量仪器的研制 [J]. 光学学报, 2008, 28(10): 1844-1848.
[15] Zhan Jie, He Qiaomiao, Xu Wenqing. Development of full sky background brightness meter [J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2012, 41(12): 3379-3383(in Chinese).
詹杰, 贺巧妙, 徐文清. 全天空背景亮度测量仪的研制 [J]. 红外与激光工程, 2012, 41(12): 3379-3383.
[16] Xu Wenqing, Zhan Jie, Xu Qingshan. Development of measuring instrument for sky background brightness [J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2013, 21(1): 46-51(in Chinese).
徐文清, 詹杰, 徐青山. 天空背景亮度测量系统的研制 [J]. 光学精密工程, 2013, 21(1): 46-51.
[17] Xu Wenqing, Zhan Jie, Xu Qingshan. Measurement and analysics of wide-wave band sky background radiance [J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2013, 33(8): 1-7(in Chinese).
徐文清, 詹杰, 徐青山. 宽谱段天空背景辐射亮度测量与分析 [J]. 光学学报, 2013, 33(8): 1-7.
[18] Qiu Jinhuan, Lv Daren, Chen Hongbin, et al. Modern research progresses in atmospheric physics [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2003, 27(4): 628-652(in Chinese).
邱金桓, 吕达仁, 陈洪滨, 等. 现代大气物理学研究进展 [J]. 大气科学, 2003, 27(4): 628-652.
[19] Han Yong, Wang Tijian, Rao Ruizhong, et al. Progress in the study of physical-optics characteristics of atmospheric aerosols [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(11): 7396-7407.
韩永, 王体健, 饶瑞中, 等. 大气溶胶物理光学特性研究进展 [J]. 物理学报, 2008, 57(11): 7396-7407.
[20] Mao Jietai, Zhang Junhua, Wang Meihua. Summary comment on research of atmospheric aerosol in China [J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2002, 60(5): 625-634(in Chinese).
毛节泰, 张军华, 王美华. 中国大气气溶胶研究综述 [J]. 气象学报, 2002, 60(5): 625-634.
[21] Qiu Jinhuan. A new method of determining atmospheric aerosol optical depth from the whole-spectral solar direct radiation . Part I: Theory [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 1995, 19(4): 385-394(in Chinese).
邱金桓. 从全波段太阳直射辐射确定大气气溶胶光学厚度 I：理论 [J]. 大气科学, 1995, 19(4): 385-394.
[22] Qiu Jinhuan, Yang Jingmei, Pan Jidong. A new method of determining atmospheric aerosol optical depth from the whole-spectral solar direct radiation. Part II: Experimental study [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 1995, 19(5): 586-596(in Chinese).
邱金桓, 杨景梅, 潘继东. 从全波段太阳直射辐射确定大气气溶胶光学厚度 II：实验研究 [J].大气科学, 1995, 19(5): 586-596.
[23] Qiu Jinhuan. Wide-band extinction method to measure aerosol optical depth and its application [J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 1997, 1(1): 15-23(in Chinese).
邱金桓. 大气气溶胶光学厚度的宽带消光遥感方法及其应用 [J]. 遥感学报, 1997, 1(1): 15-23.
[24] Lv Daren, Zhou Xiuji, Qiu Jinhuan. Theory and numerical experimental of remote sensing of atmospheric aerosol size distribution by combined solar extinction and forward scattering method [J]. Chinese Journal of Sciences, 1981, 12(12): 1516-1523(in Chinese).
吕达仁, 周秀骥, 邱金桓. 消光—小角散射综合遥感气溶胶分布的原理与数值实验 [J]. 中国科学, 1981, 12(12): 1516-1523.
[25] Qiu Jinhuan, Wang Hongqi, Zhou Xiuji. Experimental study of remote sensing of atmospheric aerosol size distribution by combined solar extinction and forward scattering method [J]. Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, 1983,7(1): 34-41(in Chinese).
邱金桓, 汪宏七, 周秀骥. 消光—小角散射法遥感气溶胶分布的实验研究 [J]. 大气科学, 1983, 7(1): 34-41.
[26] Twitty J T. The inversion of aureole measurements to derive aerosol size distributions [J]. J. Amos. Sci., 1975, 32(3): 584-591.
[27] Twitty J T, Parent R J, Weinman J A, et al. Aerosol size distribution: Remote determination from air-borne measurements of the solar aureole [J]. Appl. Opt., 1976, 15(4): 980-989.
[28] Deepak A, Box G P, Box M A. Experimental validation of the solar aureole technique for determining aerosol size distributions [J]. Appl. Opt., 1982, 21(12): 2236-2243.
[29] Nakajima T, Tanaka M, Yamauchi T. Retrieval of the optical properties of aerosols from aureole and extinction data [J]. Appl. Opt., 1983, 22(19): 2951-2959.
[30] Kaufman Y J, Gitelson A, Karnieli A, et al. Size distribution and scattering phase function of aerosol particles retrieved from sky brightness measurements [J]. J. Geophys. Res., 1994, 99(5): 10341-10356.
[31] Nakajima T, Tonna G, Rao R, et al. Use of sky brightness measurements from ground for remote sensing of particulate polydispersions [J]. Appl. Opt., 1996, 35(15): 2672-2686.
[32] Zhao Zengliang, Mao Jietai. Simulataneous retrieval of optical characterics of atmospheric aerosol and surfarce albedo [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 1999, 23(6): 722-732(in Chinese).
赵增亮, 毛节泰. 联合反演大气气溶胶光学特性和地面反照率 [J]. 大气科学, 1999, 23(6): 722-732.
[33] Rao Ruizhong. Modern Atmospheric Optics [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2012: 148-149(in Chinese).
饶瑞中. 现代大气光学 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012: 148-149.
[34] Qiu J H, Zhou X J. Simultaneous determination of aerosol size distribution and refractive index and surface albedo from radiance ——part I: Theory [J]. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 1986, 3(2): 162-171.
[35] Qiu J H, Sun J H, Xia Q L, et al. Simultaneous determination of aerosol size distribution and refractive index and surface albedo from radiance ——part II：application [J]. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 1986, 3(3): 341-348.
[36] Li Jie, Mao Jietai. Inverse of the property of atmospheric aerosols by optical remote sensing [J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 1989, 47(4): 450-456(in Chinese). 黎洁, 毛节泰. 光学遥感大气气溶胶特性 [J]. 气象学报, 1989, 47(4): 450-456.
[37] Dubovik O, King M D. A flexible inversion algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical properties from Sun and sky radiance measurements [J]. J. Geophys. Res., 2000, 105(16): 20673-20696.
[38] Dubovik O, Smirnov A, Holben B N, et al. Accuracy assessments of aerosol optical properties retrieved from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Sun and sky radiance measurements [J]. J. Geophys. Res., 2000, 105(8): 9791-9806.
[39] Reagan J A, Tome K J, Herman B M. A simple instrument and technique for measuring columnar water vapor via Near-IR differential solar transmission measurements [J]. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 1992, 30(4): 825-831.
[40] Hu Xiuqing, Zhang Yuxiang, Huang Yifen, et al. Inversing columnar water vapor amount from 940 nm channel of sun radiometer [J]. Journal of Meteorologica Sinciences, 2001, 29(3): 12-17(in Chinese).
胡秀清, 张玉香, 黄意玢, 等. 利用太阳辐射计940 nm通道反演大气柱水汽总量 [J]. 气象科技, 2001, 29(3): 12-17.
[41] Hu Zhiyuan, Bi Jianrong, Huang Jianping, et al. An inversion algorithm of columnar water vapor amount derived from sun-sky radiometer [J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2014, 33(1): 232-240(in Chinese).
胡志远, 闭建荣, 黄建平, 等. 一种利用天空辐射计反演大气总水汽量的算法研究 [J]. 高原气象, 2014, 33(1): 232-240.
[42] Brewer A W, Mcelroy C T, Kerr J B. Nitrogen dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere [J]. Nature, 1973, 246: 129-133.
[43] Wang Ping, Chen Hongbin, Lv Daren. Retrivals of stratospheric O3 and NO2 columns from the ground-based twilight zenith sky observations [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2003, 27(6): 1068-1076(in Chinese).
王萍, 陈洪滨, 吕达仁. 地基曙暮光光谱观测反演平流层O3和NO2柱含量 [J]. 大气科学, 2003, 27(6): 1068-1076.
[44] Chen Dan, Zhou Bin, Hao Nan, et al. The effect of O4 absorpotion on the measurement of atmospheric trace gases with zenith-sky scattering light observations [J]. Acta Physical Sinica, 2006, 55(10): 5555-5561(in Chinese).
陈丹, 周斌, 郝楠, 等. O4对利用天顶散射光法测量大气组分含量的影响研究 [J]. 物理学报, 2006, 55(10): 5555-5561.
[45] Chen Dan, Zhou Bin, Chen Limin. Retrivals of columnar O3 amount using zenith–sky scattered light observing [J]. Journal of Fudan University: Natural Science Edition, 2008, 47(4): 478-486(in Chinese).
陈丹, 周斌, 陈立民. 利用天顶散射光观测反演大气臭氧柱浓度 [J]. 复旦学报: 自然科学版, 2008, 47(4): 478-486.
[46] Chen Xiuhong. The Influence Anlysis of Cloud to Optical Propagation and Sky Brightness [D]. Hefei: Master’s Thesis of Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2005: 43-44(in Chinese).
陈秀红. 云对光传播和天空亮度的影响分析 [D]. 合肥: 中国科学院安徽光机所硕士论文, 2005: 43-44.
[47] Gao Taichang, Liu Lei, Zhao Shijun, et al. The actuality and progress of whole sky cloud sounding techniques [J]. Journal of Applied Meterological Science, 2010, 21(1): 101-108(in Chinese).
高太长, 刘磊, 赵世军, 等. 全天空测云技术现状及进展 [J]. 应用气象学报, 2010, 21(1): 101-108.
[48] Yamashita M, Yoshimura M, Nakashizuka T. Cloud cover estimation using multitemporal hemisphere imageries [C]. Proceedings of 7th Congress of the International Society for Photogrammertry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS04), 2004: 818-821.
[49] Shields J E, Johnson Richard W, Karr M E, et al. Daylight visible /NIR whole sky imagers for cloud and radiance monitoring in surport of UV research programs [C]. Proc. SPIE, 2003, 5156: 155-166.
[50] Shields J E, Karr M E, Johnson R W, et al. Daylight whole sky imagers for 24-h cloud and sky assessment: history and overview [J]. Opt. Soc. Am., 2013, 52(8): 1605-1616.
[51] Long C N, Sabburg J M, Calbo J, et al. Retrieving cloud characteristics from ground-based daytime color all-sky imagers [J]. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 2006, 23(5): 633-652.
[52] Huo Juan, Lv Daren, Wang Yue. Preliminary study on numerical simulation of whole sky cloud classifcation threshold method [J]. Progress in Natural Progress, 2006, 16(4): 480-484(in Chinese).
霍娟, 吕达仁, 王越. 全天空云识别阈值法的数值模拟初步研究 [J]. 自然科学进展, 2006, 16(4): 480-484.
[53] Huo Juan, Lv Daren. Cloud amount analysis at Yangbajing of Tibet in 2009~2010 using all-sky images [J]. Climatic and Enviromental Research, 2010, 17(4): 393-399(in Chinese).
霍娟, 吕达仁. 全天空图像分析西藏羊八井2009~2010年云量特征 [J]. 气候与环境研究，2010, 17(4): 393-399.
[54] Li Yu, Lv Daren, Huo Juan, et al. Improving the method for high cloud discriminability of all-sky-images based on physical-statistical relationship and radiation characteristics between cloudy and clear sky and its preliminary experiments [J]. Acta Meteorogica Sinica, 2013, 71(1): 134-145(in Chinese).
李宇, 吕达仁, 霍娟, 等. 物理--统计反演和云--晴空辐射特征差异检测结合的全天空高云判断能力改进算法与初步试验 [J]. 气象学报，2013, 71(1): 134-145.