激光相干测风技术应用研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 激光相干探测技术能够在晴空下实时获得高时空分辨率的风场分布,是目前研究大气风场的一种重要手段。首先简述了
大气风场测量的意义,针对激光相干测风技术进行了介绍。随后结合目前相干多普勒测风激光雷达的发展情况,重点对相干
激光测风探测技术在不同领域上的应用进行分析和总结。最后,通过对比目前相干探测技术的应用缺陷,进一步分析了相干探测技术的应用前景。

关键词: 大气风场, 大气湍流, 相干探测, 激光雷达, 气溶胶

Abstract: Laser coherent detection technology can obtain wind field distribution with high-temporal and
high-spatial resolution in real time under clear sky, which has been an important means to study atmospheric
wind field. Firstly, the significance of atmospheric wind field measurement is briefly described, and the
technology of laser coherent wind measurement is introduced. Then combined with the development of coherent
Doppler wind lidar, the application of coherent laser wind detection technology in different fields has
been analyzed and summarized. Finally, the application prospect of coherent detection technology is further analyzed by comparing
the application defects of current coherent detection technology.

Key words: atmospheric wind field, atmospheric turbulence, coherent detection, lidar, aerosol

中图分类号:

TN249

金效梅, 朱文越, 刘庆, . 激光相干测风技术应用研究[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2020, 15(3): 161-173.

参考文献 20

	[1]
	Baker W E, Robertson F R, Emmitt G D, et al. Lidar-
	measured winds from space：a key component for weather and
	climate prediction [J]. Bulletin of the American
	Meteorological Society, 1995, 76(6): 869-888.
	[2]
	Fujii T, Fukuchi T. Laser Remote Sensing [M]. Boca Raton:
	CRC Press, 2005.
	[3]
	Protopopov V V. Laser Heterodyning [M]. New York:
	Springer, 2009.
	[4]
	Huffaker R M, Jelalian A V, Thomson J A L. Laser-Doppler
	system for detection of aircraft trailing vortices [J].
	Proceedings of the IEEE, 1970, 58(3): 322-326.
	[5]
	Asaka K, Yanagisawa T, Hirano Y. 1.5 μm eye-safe coherent
	lidar system for wind velocity measurement [C]//
	Second International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Remote
	Sensing of the Atmosphere, Environment,
	and Space. International Society for Optics and Photonics,
20	01: 321-328.
	[6]
	Henderson S W, Hannon S M. Advanced coherent lidar system
	for wind measurement [J]. SPIE, 2015, 5887: 1-10.
	[7]
	Mikkelsen T, Angelou N, Hansen K. A spinner-integrated
	wind lidar for enhanced wind turbine control [J]. Wind
	Energy, 2013, 16(4): 625-643.
	[8]
	Banakh V A, Kerkis N N, Smalikho I N, et al. Turbulent
	energy dissipation rate measurements by coherent lidar
	[J].
	SPIE, 1995, 2581: 242-253.
	[9]
	An Yuying, Zeng Xiaodong. Photoelectric Detection
	Principle [M]. Xi'an: Xi'an Electronic and Science
	University Press. 2004: 8.
	安毓英, 曾晓东. 光电探测原理[M]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学出版社,
	04: 8.
	[10]
	Zhou Xiaolin, Sun Dongsong, Zhong Zhiqing, et al.
	Development of Doppler wind lidar [J]. Journal of
	Atmospheric and
	Environmental Optics, 2007, 2(3): 161-168 (in Chinese).
	周小林,孙东松,钟志庆,等. 多普勒测风激光雷达研究进展[J]. 大气与
	环境光学学报, 2007, 2(3): 161-168.
	[11]
	Jin Xiaomei. Research on Performance Simulation of Laser
	Coherent Wind Measurement Technology [D]. Hefei: Master's
	Thesis of University of Science and Technology of China,
	19 (in Chinese).
	金效梅. 激光相干测风技术的性能仿真研究[D]. 合肥:中国科学技术大
	学硕士论文,2019.
	[12]
	Jia Xiaodong. Development of 1.55 μm coherent lidar for
	wind sensing [D]. Hefei: Doctoral Dissertation of
	University of Science and Technology of China. 2015 (in
	Chinese).
	贾晓东. 1.55 μm 相干测风激光雷达样机的研制[D]. 合肥:中国科学
	技术大学博士论文, 2015.
	[13]
	Krishnamurthy R, Choukulkar A, Calhoun R, et al. Coherent
	Doppler lidar for wind farm characterization [J]. Wind
	Energy, 2013, 16(2): 189-206.
	[14]
	Courtney M, Wagner R, Lindelow P. Testing and comparison
	of lidars for profile and turbulence measurements in wind
	energy[C]//
	IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science,
	08, 1(1): 0120121.
	[15]
	Smalikho I N, Banakh V A, Pichugina Y L, et al. Lidar
	investigation of atmosphere effect on a wind turbine wake
	[J].
	Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology, 2013, 30
(11)	: 2554-2570.
	[16]
	Chan P W, Shun C M, Wu K C. Operational LIDAR-based system
	for automatic windshear alerting at the Hong Kong
	International Airport[C]// Conference on Aviation, 2002.
	[17]
	Wu S H, Yin J P, Liu B Y, et al. Characterization of
	turbulent wake of wind turbine by coherent Doppler lidar
	[C]//
	Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring XIV.
	International Society for Optics and
	Photonics, 2014, 9262(92620H): 1-10.
	[18]
	Mikkelsen T, Angelou N, Hansen K, et al. A spinner-
	integrated wind lidar for enhanced wind turbine control
[J]	Wind Energy, 2013, 16(4): 625-643.
	[19]
	Frandsen S, Barthelmie R, Pryor S, et al. Analytical
	modelling of wind speed deficit in large
	offshore wind farms [J]. Wind Energy, 2010, 9(1-2): 39-
	53.
	[20]
	Trujillo J, Bingol F, Larsen G C, et al. Light detection
	and ranging measurements of wake dynamics. Part II: two-
	dimensional
	scanning [J]. Wind Energy, 2011, 14(1): 61-75.
	[21]
	Sun Gang, Weng Ningquan, Xiao Liming. Vertical
	distribution models of atmospheric structure constant of
	refractive index [J].
	High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2008, 20(2): 183-188
	(in Chinese).
	孙刚, 翁宁泉, 肖黎明. 合肥地区大气折射率结构常数高度分布模式
	强激光与粒子束, 2008, 20(2) : 183-188.
	[22]
	Cui Chaolong, Huang Honghua, Mei Haiping, et al.
	Turbulent scintillation lidar for acquiring atmospheric
	turbulence
	information [J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams,
20	13, 25(05): 1091-1096 (in Chinese).
	崔朝龙, 黄宏华, 梅海平, 等. 探测大气湍流的光强闪烁激光雷达[J].
	强激光与粒子束, 2013, 25(05): 1091-1096.
	[23]
	Tu Aiqin, Dong Debao, Weng Ningquan. Retrieval of clear-
	air dissipation rate using spectral width measured by
	wind profiler [J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams,
	08, 20(10): 1608-1614 (in Chinese).
	涂爱琴,董德保,翁宁泉. 利用风廓线谱宽反演晴空湍流耗散率[J]. 强激
	光与粒子束, 2008, 20(10): 1608-1614.
	[24]
	Xiong Xinglong, Han Yong'an, Jiang Lihui, et al. Doppler
	lidar alerting algorithm of low-level turbulence
	based on velocity structure function [J]. Infrared and
	Laser Engineering, 2017, 46(10): 1030005 (in Chinese).
	熊兴隆,韩永安,蒋立辉,等. 基于速度结构函数的多普勒激光雷达低空湍
	流预警算法[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2017, 46(10): 1030005.
	[25]
	Frehlich R. Effects of wind turbulence on coherent Doppler
	lidar performance [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic
	Technology, 1997, 14(1): 54-75.
	[26]
	Li Shengfu. Investigation of retrieval algorithm of clear
	air turbulence using coherent wind lidar [D]. Harbin:
	Master's
	Thesis of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2008 (in
	Chinese).
	李生福. 相干激光测风雷达晴空湍流反演算法研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨
	工业大学硕士论文, 2008.
	[27]
	Bu Z C, Chen S Y, Zhang Y C, et al. Effect of laser pulse
	shape and duration on spectrum width of
	coherent LIDAR [J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2014, 12(s1):
12	801.
	[28]
	Frehlich R, Cornman L. Estimating spatial velocity
	statistics with coherent Doppler lidar [J]. Journal of
	Atmospheric and
	Oceanic Technology, 2002, 19: 355-366.
	[29]
	Frehlich R. Velocity error for coherent Doppler lidar with
	pulse accumulation [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and
	Oceanic Technology, 2004, 21: 905-920.
	[30]
	Banakh V A, Werner C. Computer simulation of coherent
	Doppler lidar measurement of wind velocity and retrieval
	of turbulent wind
	statistics [J]. Optical Engineering, 2005, 44: 071205.
	[31]
	Sathe A, Mann J. A review of turbulence measurements using
	ground-based wind lidars [J]. Atmospheric Measurement
	Techniques, 2013, 6(11): 3147-3167.
	[32]
	Han Yong, Wang Tijian, Rao Ruizhong, et al. Progress in
	the study of physic-optics characteristics of
	atmospheric aerosols [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57
(11)	: 7396-7407 (in Chinese).
	韩永, 王体健, 饶瑞中,等. 大气气溶胶物理光学特性研究进展[J]. 物
	理学报, 2008, 57(11): 7396-7407.
	[33]
	Sheng Peixuan, Mao Jietai, Li Jianguo, et al. Atmosphere
	Physics [M]. BeiJing: BeiJing University Pulishing Press,
20	03: 25-26 (in Chinese).
	盛裴轩, 毛节泰, 李建国, 等. 大气物理学[M]. 北京:北京大学出版社
	, 2003: 25-26.
	[34]
	Wang Yingjian, Fan Chengyu, Wei Heli. Laser Beam
	Propagation and Application through the Atmosphere and Sea
	Water [M].
	BeiJing: National Defense Industry Press, 2015: 9-10 (in
	Chinese).
	王英俭, 范承玉, 魏合理. 激光在大气和海水中传输及应用[M].北京：
	国防工业出版社, 2015: 9-10.
	[35]
	Li Xuebin, Hu Shunxing, Xu Qingshan, et al.
	Characteristics measurement of extinction and refractive
	index of
	aerosol particles [J]. High Power Laser and Particle
	Beams, 2007, 19(2): 207-210 (in Chinese).
	李学彬, 胡顺星, 徐青山,等. 大气气溶胶消光特性和折射率的测量[J].
	强激光与粒子束, 2007, 19(2): 207-210.
	[36]
	Fernald F G. Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations:
	some comments [J]. Applied Optics, 1984, 23(5): 652-653.
	[37]
	Royer P, Boquet M, Cariou J P, et al. Aerosol/cloud
	measurements using coherent wind Doppler lidars[C]//
	The European Physical Journal Conferences: 2016, 119:
11	002.
	[38]
	Jin Xiaohan, Wang Yuefeng, Zhu Xiaopeng, et al.
	Performance of maximum likelihood estimators of Doppler
	frequency
	for coherent Doppler lidar [J]. Optical Instruments,
20	12, 34(5): 28-33 (in Chinese).
	靳笑晗, 汪岳峰, 竹孝鹏,等. 最大概似法在多普勒激光测风雷达中的应
	用研究[J]. 光学仪器, 2012, 34(5): 28-33.
	[39]
	Ma H, Wang Q, Na Q, et al. Simulation study on detection
	performance of eye-safe coherent Doppler wind
	lidar operating near 1.6 μm[C]// International
	Conference on Optical Instruments and Technology 2017:
	Advanced Laser Technology and Applications. Society of
	Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference
	Series, 2018.
	[40]
	Ke Tianmei, Tan Tu, Hou Zaihong, et al. Research on
	technology of 1.55 μm all-fiber coherent wind lidar [J].
	Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2018,
13	(5): 364-369 (in Chinese).
	柯天美, 谈图, 侯再红, 等. 1.55 μm 全光纤相干激光测风雷达技术
研究[J]	大气与环境光学学报,2018, 13(5).364-369.
	[41]
	Wang C, Xia H Y, Liu Y P, et al. Spatial resolution
	enhancement of coherent Doppler wind lidar using joint
	time-frequency analysis [J]. Optics Communications, 2018,
42	4: 48-53.
	[42]
	Cariou J P, Sauvage L, Thobois L, et al. Long range
	scanning pulsed coherent lidar for real time wind
	monitoring
	in the planetary boundary layer[C]// Proceedings of 16th
	Coherent Laser Radar Conference, 2011.
	[43]
	Jia Xiaodong, Sun Dongsong , Shu Zhifeng, et al. Optimal
	design of the telescope in coherent lidar and detection
	performance analysis [J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2015, 35
(3)	: 1-8 (in Chinese).
	贾晓东, 孙东松, 舒志峰, 等. 相干激光雷达中望远镜的优化及探测性
	能分析[J]. 光学学报, 2015, 35(3): 1-8.
	[44]
	Wang Zhihua, He Yinghong, Li Zhensheng, et al. Effects of
	backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio on the inversion
	of aerosol extinction coefficiency [J]. Chinese Journal
	of Quantum Electronics, 2006, 23(3): 335-340 (in Chinese).
	王治华, 贺应红, 李振声, 等. 气溶胶后向散射消光对数比对消光系数
	反演的影响研究[J]. 量子电子学报, 2006, 23(3): 335-340.
	[45]
	Zhou Jun, Yue Guming, Qi Fudi, et al. Optical properties
	of aerosol derived from lidar measurements [J].
	Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1998, 15(2): 140
	-148 (in Chinese).
	周军, 岳古明, 戚福第,等. 大气气溶胶光学特性激光雷达探测[J]. 量
	子电子学报, 1998, 15(2): 140-148.
	[46]
	Kovalev V A, Eichinger W E. Elastic Lidar: Theory,
	Practice, and Analysis Methods [M]. New Jersey: A John
	Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004.
	[47]
	Bowdle D A, Jeffry R, Michael V J, et al. Aerosol
	backscatter measurements at 10.6 micrometers with airborne
	and
	ground-based CO sub 2 Doppler lidars over the Colorado
	high plains. 2. Backscatter structure [J]. Journal of
	Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 1991, 96(D3): 5337-5344.
	[48]
	Hannon S M, Thomson J A, Smith D D. Plume detection and
	tracking using Doppler lidar aerosol and wind data [J].
	Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical
	Engineering, 1999: 28-39.
	[49]
	Chouza F, Reitebuch O, Grobeta S, et al. Aerosol
	backscatter and extinction retrieval from airborne
	coherent
	Doppler wind lidar measurements[C]// The European
	Physical Journal Conferences: 2016, 119: 23001.
	[50]
	Fan Qi, Zhu Keyun, Zheng Jiafeng, et al. Detection
	performance analysis of all-fiber coherent wind lidar
	under
	different weather types [J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers,
20	17, 44(2): 0210003 (in Chinese).
	范琪, 朱克云, 郑佳锋, 等. 不同天气类型下全光纤相干激光测风雷达
	探测性能分析[J]. 中国激光, 2017, 44(2): 0210003.
	[51]
	Dong Xiao, Hu Yihua, Xu Shilong, et al. Echoing
	characteristics of coherent lidar in different aerosol
	environments [J]. Acta Optica Sinica. 2018, 38(1):
01	01001 (in Chinese).
	董骁, 胡以华, 徐世龙, 等. 不同气溶胶环境中相干激光雷达回波特性
[J]	光学学报, 2018, 38(1): 0101001.
	[52]
	Huffaker R M. Laser Doppler detection systems for gas
	velocity measurement [J]. Applied Optics, 1970, 9(5):
	1026.
	[53]
	Henderson S W, Ota K. Recent improvements in eyesafe,
	solid-state and coherent laser radar technology [J].
	Review of Laser Engineering, 1997, 25(1): 19-24.
	[54]
	Emmitt G D. Combining direct and coherent detection for
	Doppler wind lidar [J]. Proceedings of SPIE - The
	International Society for Optical Engineering, 2004, 5575:
31	-37.
	[55]
	Bu Zhichao. Study on the System Design and Data
	Processing Algorithm for Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar [D].
	Beijing: Doctoral Dissertation of Beijing Institute of
	Technology, 2014 (in Chinese).
	步志超. 相干测风激光雷达系统设计及数据处理算法研究[D]. 北京：北
	京理工大学博士论文, 2014.
	[56]
	Liu J Q, Chen W B, Zhu X. Development of all-fiber
	coherent Doppler LIDAR to measure atmosphere wind speed
	[C]//
	Optical Instrumentation for Energy and Environmental
	Applications. Optical Society of America, 2012: ET4D. 1.
	[57]
	Diao W F, Zhang X, Liu J Q, et al. All fiber pulsed
	coherent lidar development for wind profiles measurements
	in boundary layers [J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2014, 12
(7)	: 072801.
	[58]
	Diao Weifeng. Airborne all fiber coherent Doppler wind
	lidar [D]. Shanghai: Doctoral Dissertation of Shanghai
	Institute
	of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
20	15 (in Chinese).
	刁伟峰. 机载全光纤相干多普勒激光测风雷达[D]. 上海:中国科学院上
	海光学精密机械研究所博士论文, 2015.
	[59]
	Zhu Zhenyu, Gao Kun, Han Lu, et al. Technical analysis of
	space-based coherent wind lidar [J].
	Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2015, 52(10): 179-187
	(in Chinese).
	朱振宇, 高昆, 韩璐,等. 天基相干测风激光雷达技术分析[J]. 激光与
	光电子学进展, 2015, 52(10): 179-187.