宝鸡高新区冬季大气消光系数及其组成特征

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解宝鸡市高新区气溶胶及气体的消光特性,利用宝鸡市高新区2018年1月浊度仪和
黑碳仪的逐时观测数据,以及同时段的PM2.5、NO2质量浓度和气象数据,分析了冬季大气
消光系数Bext、气溶胶散射系数Bsp、吸收系数Bap与气体吸收系数Bag的变化特征,并估算了气溶胶消光系数和气体消光系数对大气消光的贡献率。结果表明,宝鸡高新区Bext范围为200.63~948.87 Mm^-1,
均值为483.12 Mm^-1; Bsp范围为170.83~890.06 Mm^-1,
均值为444.11 Mm^-1; Bap范围为4.89~20.44 Mm^-1,均值为9.69 Mm^-1。
PM2.5与Bext、Bsp和Bap的相关系
数分别为0.952、0.950、0.572,说明宝鸡市高新区PM2.5对大气消光效应的影响不容忽视。
Bsp与相对湿度(RH)呈显著正相关,与能见度呈显著负相关。Bsp和
Bap均具有显著的双峰双谷型变化特征,这与宝鸡高新区早晚高峰、机动车运行
时间有关。黑碳(Black carbon, BC)质量浓度、Bsp和Bap随污染
等级增加而升高。整体分析表明,气溶胶消光系数占大气消光系数93.93%,其中散射
系数Bsp和吸收系数Bap分别占91.92%和2.01%,而气体消光系数
占总大气消光系数的6.07%。

关键词: 消光系数, 气溶胶, 日变化, 贡献率

Abstract:

In order to understand the extinction characteristics of aerosols and gases in Baoji High-tech Zone, the hourly observation data of the nephelometer and aethalometer in Baoji High-tech Zone in January 2018, as well as the meteorological elements and the mass concentration of PM_2.5 and NO₂in the same section were used to analyze the variation characteristics of extinction coefficient B_ext, aerosol scattering coefficient B_sp, absorption coefficient B_ap and gas absorption coefficient B_ag, and then the contribution rate of aerosol extinction coefficient and gas extinction coefficient to atmospheric extinction were evaluated. The results show that, B_ext of Baoji High-tech Zone ranges from 200.63 ~ 948.87 Mm^-1 with a mean value of 483.12 Mm^-1, B_spof aerosol ranges from 170.83 ~ 890.06 Mm^-1 with a mean value of 444.11 Mm^-1, while B_ap ranged from 4.89 ~ 20.44 Mm^-1 with a mean value of 9.69 Mm^-1. The correlation coefficients of PM_2.5 and B_ext, B_spand B_ap are 0.952, 0.950 and 0.572, respectively, indicating that the influence of PM_2.5 in Baoji High-tech Zone on atmospheric extinction can not be ignored. It is also found that the aerosol scattering coefficient B_sp is significantly positively correlated with relative humidity (RH) and negatively correlated with visibility. It seems that aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients had significant double peak and double valley diurnal variation characteristics, which is related to Baoji High-tech Zone's commuting time and motor vehicle running time. It is also found that Black carbon (BC) mass concentration,,B_sp and B_ap increased as the pollution level increased. The overall analysis shows that the extinction coefficient of aerosol accounts for 93.93% of the total atmospheric extinction coefficient, in which scattering and absorption coefficients accounts for 91.92% and 2.01% respectively, and the extinction coefficient of gases accounts for 6.07% of the total atmospheric extinction coefficient.

Key words: extinction coefficient, aerosol, diurnal variation, contribution rate

中图分类号:

X515

周变红, 曹夏, 张容端, 刘雅雯, 王锦. 宝鸡高新区冬季大气消光系数及其组成特征[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2020, 15(3): 196-206.

参考文献

[1]
Ding Y, Liu Y. Analysis of long-term variations of fog and

haze in China in recent 50 years and their relations
with atmospheric humidity [J]. Science China Earth

Sciences, 2013, 57(1): 36-46.

[2]
Zhang X Y, Wang Y Q, Niu T, et al. Atmospheric aerosol

compositions in China: spatial/temporal variability,
chemical signature, regional haze distribution and

comparisons with global aerosols [J].
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012, 12(2): 779-799.

[3]
Huang R J, Zhang Y, Bozzetti C, et al. High secondary

aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during
haze events in China [J]. Nature, 2014, 514(7521): 218-

222.

[4]
Zhang Q, Quan J, Tie X, et al. Effects of meteorology and

secondary particle formation on visibility
during heavy haze events in Beijing, China [J]. Science

of the Total Environment, 2015, 502: 578-584.

[5]
Pope C A, Dockery D W. Health effects of fine particulate

air pollution: lines that connect [J].
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2006,

56(6): 709-742.

[6]
Wang Ying, Li Lingjun, Li Chengcai. The variation

characteristics and influence factors of atmospheric
visibility and extinction effect in Beijing [J]. China

Environmental Science, 2015, 35(05): 1310-1318 (in

Chinese).

王英,李令军,李成才.北京大气能见度和消光特性变化规律及影响因素

[J].中国环境科学, 2015, 35(05): 1310-1318.
[7]
Liu Xiaohui, Zhu Bin, Wang Honglei, et al. Research on

the extinction factors of visibility in the north
suburb of Nanjing industrial zone [J]. Journal of Nanjing

University(Natural Science), 2015, 51(03): 481-489 (in

Chinese).

刘晓慧,朱彬,王红磊,等.南京市北郊工业区大气能见度消光因子研究

[J].南京大学学报(自然科学), 2015, 51(03): 481-489.

[8]
Wang Jikang, Zhang Hengde, Gui Hailin, et al.

Relationship between atmospheric visibility and PM2.5
concentrations and distributions [J]. Environmental

Science, 2019, 40(07): 2985-2993 (in Chinese).

王继康,张恒德,桂海林,等.能见度与PM2.5浓度关系及其分布特征[J].环

境科学, 2019, 40(07): 2985-2993.
[9]
Xiang Hong, Yu Jiayan, Wang Jun, et al. Study on

visibility characteristics of Chongqing's urban area and
the extinction contribution by particulate matter [J].

Environmental Science & Technology, 2018, 41(07): 110-116

(in Chinese).

向洪,余家燕,王军,等.重庆城区能见度特征与颗粒物消光贡献[J].环境

科学与技术, 2018, 41(07): 110-116.
[10]
Song Yu, Tang Xiaoyan, Fang Chen, et al. Relationship

between the visibility degradation and particle
pollution in Beijing [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,

2003, 23(04): 468-471 (in Chinese).

宋宇,唐孝炎,方晨,等.北京市能见度下降与颗粒物污染的关系[J].环境

科学学报, 2003, 23(04): 468-471.
[11]
Pitchford M, Maim W, Schichtel B, et al. Revised

algorithm for estimating light extinction from IMPROVE
particle speciation data [J]. Journal of the Air & Waste

Management Association, 2007, 57(11): 1326-1336.

[12]
Fern'{andez A J, Sicard M, Costa M J, et al. Extreme,

wintertime Saharan dust intrusion in the Iberian
Peninsula: lidar monitoring and evaluation of dust

forecast models during the February 2017 event [J].
Atmospheric Research, 2019, 228: 223-241.

[13]
Soupiona O, Papayannis A, Kokkalis P, et al. Long-term

systematic profiling of dust aerosol optical
properties using the EOLE NTUA lidar system over Athens,

Greece (2000-2016) [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2018,

183: 165-174.

[14]
Yang Honglong, Lu Chao, Liu Aiming, et al. Analysis of

aerosol optical properties and sources at Shenzhen [J].
Acta Optica Sinica, 2013, 33(12): 22-29 (in Chinese).

杨红龙,卢超,刘爱明,等.深圳地区气溶胶的光学特征及来源分析[J].光

学学报, 2013, 33(12): 22-29.
[15]
Liu Xingang, Zhang Yuanhang, Zeng Limin, et al. Research

on the influential factor of visibility reduction
in Guangzhou [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research,

2006, 11(06): 733-738 (in Chinese).

刘新罡,张远航,曾立民,等.广州市大气能见度影响因子的贡献研究[J].

气候与环境研究, 2006, 11(06): 733-738.
[16]
Ma Jia, Yu Xingna, An Junlin, et al. Contributions of

factors that influenced the visibility in north
suburb of Nanjing in winter and spring [J]. Environmental

Science, 2016, 37(01): 41-50 (in Chinese).

马佳,于兴娜,安俊琳,等.南京北郊冬春季大气能见度影响因子贡献研究

[J].环境科学, 2016, 37(01): 41-50.
[17]
Zhao Y, Liu Y C, Ma J Z, et al. Heterogeneous reaction of

SO2 with soot: the roles of relative humidity and
surface composition of soot in surface sulfate formation

[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2017, 152: 465-476.

[18]
Tao J, Zhang L, Gao J, et al. Aerosol chemical

composition and light scattering during a winter season in
Beijing [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2015, 110: 36-44.

[19]
Zhou Yaoyao, Ma Yan, Zhen Jun, et al. Pollution

characteristics and light extinction effects of water-

soluble
ions in PM2.5 during winter hazy days at north suburban

Nanjing [J]. Environmental Science, 2015, 36(06): 1926-

1934 (in Chinese).

周瑶瑶,马嫣,郑军,等.南京北郊冬季霾天PM2.5水溶性离子的污染特征与

消光作用研究[J].环境科学, 2015, 36(06): 1926-1934.

[20]
Zhou Bianhong, Wu Yangyang, Liu Yawen, et al. Particle

size distribution and regional transport of water
soluble inorganic ions in atmospheric particulates in the

haze and non-haze days in the urban and suburban areas
of Baoji, China[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2019, 38(03):

565-571 (in Chinese).

周变红,武洋洋,刘雅雯,等.宝鸡城郊灰霾与非灰霾天大气颗粒物中水溶性

无机离子的粒径分布特征及区域传输[J].环境化学, 2019, 38(03):

565-571.

[21]
Wu Yangyang, Zhou Bianhong, Zhao Aling, et al.

Characteristics of atmospheric pollutant concentration in

urban
area of Baoji and their relationship with meteorological

factors [J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2017, 29(06):

100-104 (in Chinese).

武洋洋,周变红,赵阿玲,等.宝鸡市区大气污染物浓度特征及与气象要素的

关系[J].江西农业学报, 2017, 29(06): 100-104.

[22]
Zhou B H, Wang Q Y, Zhou Q, et al. Seasonal

characteristics of black carbon aerosol and its potential
source regions in Baoji, China [J]. Aerosol and Air

Quality Research, 2018, 18(2): 397-406.

[23]
Seinfeld J H, Pandis S N. Atmospheric Chemistry and

Physics: from Air Pollution to Climate Change [M].
New York: Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1998: 1128-1133.

[24]
Wang J, Zhang Y F, Feng Y C, et al. Characterization and

source apportionment of aerosol light extinction
with a coupled model of CMB-IMPROVE in Hangzhou, Yangtze

River Delta of China [J]. Atmospheric Research, 2016,

178-179: 570-579.

[25]
Cai Ziying, Han Suqin, Liu Aixia, et al. Study of

extinction porperty of atmosphere in Tianjin in summer

[J].
Plateau Meteorology, 2012, 31(1): 150-155 (in Chinese).

蔡子颖,韩素芹,刘爱霞,等．天津夏季大气消光性质的研究[J]．高原气

象, 2012: 31(1): 150-155.
[26]
Bergstrom R W, Russell P B, Hignett P. Wavelength

dependence of the absorption of black carbon particles:
predictions and results from the TARFOX experiment and

implications for the aerosol single scattering albedo [J].
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2002, 59(3): 567-

577.

[27]
Penndorf R. Tables of the refractive index for standard

air and the rayleigh scattering coefficient for the
spectral region between 0.2 and 20.0 mu and their

application to atmospheric optics [J]. Journal of the
Optical Society of America, 1957, 47(2): 176-182.

[28]
Sloane C S, Wolf G T. Prediction of ambient light

scattering using a physical model responsive to relative
humidity validation with measurements from Detroit [J].

Atmospheric Environment, 1985, 19(4): 669-680.

[29]
He Jiaqi, Yu Xingna, Zhu Bin, et al. Characteristics of

aerosol extinction and low visibility in haze weather
in winter of Nanjing [J]. China Environmental Science,

2016, 36(06): 1645-1653 (in Chinese).

何镓祺,于兴娜,朱彬,等.南京冬季气溶胶消光特性及霾天气低能见度特征

[J].中国环境科学, 2016, 36(06): 1645-1653.

[30]
Mo Zhaoyu, Yang Junchao, Liu Huilin, et al. Research of

extinction characteristics of aerosol and
conventional gas in Guilin in spring [J]. The

Administration and Technique
of Environmental Monitoring, 2019, 31(03): 22-26(in

Chinese).

莫招育,杨俊超,刘慧琳,等.桂林市春季气溶胶及常规气体消光特征研究

[J].环境监测管理与技术, 2019, 31(03): 22-26.

[31]
Wu Dui, Mao Jietai, Deng Xuejiao, et al. Black carbon

aerosols and their radiative properties in the Pearl River

Delta
region [J]. Science in China (Serise D: Earth Sciences),

2009, 39(11): 1542-1553.

吴兑,毛节泰,邓雪娇,等.珠江三角洲黑碳气溶胶及其辐射特性的观测研究

[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学), 2009, 39(11): 1542-1553.

[32]
Xie C, Xu W, Wang J, et al. Vertical characterization of

aerosol optical properties and brown carbon in winter in
urban Beijing, China [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and

Physics, 2019, 19(1): 165-179.

[33]
Carrico C M, Bergin M H, Xu J, et al. Urban aerosol

radiative properties: measurements during the 1999 Atlanta
Supersite Experiment [J]. Journal of Geophysical

Research, 2003, 108(D7): 8422, doi:10.1029/2001JD001222.

[34]
Yang Yinshan, Ni Changjian, Deng Ye, et al.

Characteristics of atmospheric extinction coefficient and

its
components in winter in Chengdu [J]. Acta Scientiae

Circumstantiae, 2019, 39(05): 1425-1432 (in Chinese).

杨寅山,倪长健,邓也,等.成都市冬季大气消光系数及其组成的特征研究

[J].环境科学学报, 2019, 39(05): 1425-1432.

[35]
Liu Ningwei, Ma Yanjun, Yang Suying, et al. 2015.

Observational study on aerosol extinction characteristics

in
Shenyang area [J]. Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences,

2015, 38(04): 458-464 (in Chinese).

刘宁微,马雁军,杨素英,等.沈阳地区大气气溶胶消光特性的观测研究

[J].大气科学学报, 2015, 38(04): 458-464.

[36]
Titos G, Foyo M I, Lyamani H, et al. Optical properties

and chemical composition of aerosol particles at
an urban location: an estimation of the aerosol mass

scattering and absorption efficiencies [J].
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2012, 117

(D4):206. doi: 10. 1029 /2011JD016671.

[37]
Xu Chang, Ye Hui, Shen Jiandong, et al. Light scattering

extinction properties of atmospheric particle and

pollution
characteristics in hazy weather in Hangzhou [J].

Environmental Science, 2014, 35(12): 4422-4430 (in

Chinese).

徐昶,叶辉,沈建东,等.杭州大气颗粒物散射消光特性及霾天气污染特征

[J].环境科学, 2014, 35(12): 4422-4430.
[38]
Yuan C S, Lee C G, Liu S H, et al. Correlation of

atmospheric visibility with chemical composition of

Kaohsiung
aerosols [J]. Atmospheric Research, 2006, 82(3-4): 663-

679.

[39]
Yang Kang, Liu Hongnian, Zhu Yan, et al. Aerosol

extinction characteristics and analysis of haze formation
in Suzhou City [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,

2015, 28(06): 848-854(in Chinese).

杨康,刘红年,朱焱,等.苏州市气溶胶消光特性及其对灰霾特征的影响

[J].环境科学研究, 2015, 28(06): 848-854.

[40]
Zhu W Y, Xu C D, Qian X M, et al. Statistical analysis of

the spatial-temporal distribution of aerosol
extinction retrieved by micropulse lidar in Kashgar, China

[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(3): 2531-2537.