2021 年春季沙尘传输对徐州地区气溶胶演变影响分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 沙尘气溶胶对局地大气环境具有显著影响, 本工作基于 2021 年 3 月中国东部卫星和地基遥感观测资料, 以沙尘传输过程中上下游的两个城市北京和徐州为主要研究区, 分析了两地气溶胶环境的阶段性变化特征和驱动因子。结果表明: (1) 连续两次大型沙尘暴均来源于蒙古地区, 并受冷空气驱动影响中国东部地区, 第一次沙尘在江苏腹地进入黄海, 第二次沙尘在江苏省附近受西南暖风影响发生沙尘回流现象造成持续污染。 (2) 沙尘以粗颗粒物为主, 使得近地面层 PM10 浓度急剧提升至背景值的 20 倍、 PM2:5 提高至 3 倍。处于下游的徐州地区比上游的北京地区两次 PM10 峰值均低 500 µg·m−3, 且时间延后 12 小时。 (3) 沙尘过境前徐州背景气溶胶以散射性细颗粒物为主, 气溶胶光学厚度 (AOD) 小于 0.5, 单次散射反照率 (SSA) 约等于 0.99。到达徐州地区的沙尘漂浮在 2∼ 4 km 高空层并随重力作用与地面层气溶胶混合, 使得 AOD 瞬间提升至 1.5 以上, 24 小时后开始逐步由沙尘主导过渡到本地污染物粒子主导 (气溶胶退偏比从大于 0.25 降至 0.1 以下)。本次沙尘中部分颗粒物成分对 440 nm 光谱吸收性较强, 与沙尘来源有关。

关键词: 沙尘传输, 气溶胶, PM10, 激光雷达, 单次散射反照率

Abstract: Dust aerosols have a significant impact on the local atmospheric environment. Based on the satellite/groundbased remote sensing observation data of eastern China in March 2021, the periodic characteristics and driving factors of aerosol environment in Beijing and Xuzhou, China, the upstream and downstream cities along the transport pathway of dust, are studied in this work. The results show that: (1) The two consecutive large-scale dust storms were driven by cold air from Mongolia to eastern China. The first dust entered the Yellow Sea in the middle part of Jiangsu province, and the second dust recirculation occurred near Jiangsu Province under the influence of southwest warm wind, resulting in continuous pollution. (2) The sand dust was mainly coarse particles, which made the PM10 concentration in the near surface layer rise sharply to 20 times of the background value and PM2:5 to 3 times. Xuzhou in the downstream was 500 µg·m−3 lower than Beijing in the upstream, and the time was delayed by 12 hours. (3) The background aerosol in Xuzhou was mainly scattered fine particles, the aerosol optical thickness (AOD ) was less than 0.5, and the single scattering albedo (SSA) was about 0.99. When the sand storm arrived in Xuzhou, it floated in the upper layer of 2∼4 km and mixed with the aerosol underlying layer with the action of gravity, so that AOD instantly increased to more than 1.5. After 24 hours, it began to gradually transition from sand dust dominated to local pollutant particles dominated (the aerosol depolarization ratio decreased from more than 0.25 to less than 0.1). It is also found that some particles in the dust had strong absorption to 440 nm spectrum, which was related to the source of dust.

Key words: dust transportation, aerosol, PM10, lidar, single scatter albedo

中图分类号:

X513

蔡振锋, 李丁∗, 黄海虹. 2021 年春季沙尘传输对徐州地区气溶胶演变影响分析[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2022, 17(4): 409-419.

CAI Zhenfeng, LI Ding∗, HUANG Haihong. Analysis of impact of dust transport on aerosol evolution in Xuzhou region in spring 2021[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2022, 17(4): 409-419.

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