城市发展对地表热岛效应的影响及其相互关系研究——以合肥市和南昌市为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-6141.2023.06.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着城市化的加速，城市热岛效应问题逐渐突显。为研究城市空间扩张和社会经济发展对地表热岛效应的影响，基于2000―2020 年共5 期 Landsat 遥感影像，利用辐射传导方程法对合肥和南昌的地表温度进行反演，采用归一化方法将研究区的地表热岛效应分为4 个等级，并对两市地表热岛效应的时空演变特征进行分析研究，进而运用地理探测器对热岛效应强度的影响因子进行综合性分析。结果表明： (1) 在2000―2015 年，合肥市的城市扩展系数由1.70 降低到1.08，最后趋于1.25， 2015―2020 年降低到0.56；在2000―2020 年，南昌市的城市扩展系数在1.34～1.60 范围内上下波动；合肥市和南昌市分别在2011 年和2018 年完成了产业结构转型，朝着以第三产业拉动为导向的趋势演进；城市在空间的扩展与社会经济的发展和政府的决策支持密不可分； (2) 合肥市和南昌市主城区持续扩展均呈现非线性的增长趋势；合肥地表热岛效应主要在东北和西南方向上扩展，而南昌主要呈现出东南-西北方向的扩展模式；合肥和南昌地表热岛效应面积分别由45.17 km2和40.80 km2增加到351.61 km2和274.07 km2，且热岛发展力度和范围与城市快速发展的规模和方向较为一致； (3) 合肥市和南昌市的各影响因子对热岛效应强度的解释力从大到小为：人口密度 (0.891/0.844)、建成区面积 (0.842/0.810)、人均GDP (0.788/0.773)、第二产业占比 (0.679/0.711)、第三产业占比 (0.582/ 0.636) ，其中人口密度的影响最大，产业结构中第二产业作用较高于第三产业；各因素相互作用均比单一因子对地表热岛效应强度的影响程度更大。研究结果能给合肥和南昌市及类似城市的规划提供参考和思路，合理布局建成区的绿色空间以及控制城市人口数量可以有效缓解城市地表热岛效应发展速度。

关键词: 城市地表热岛效应, 地表温度, Landsat, 地理探测器

Abstract: With the acceleration of urbanization, the problem of urban surface heat island effect is gradually becoming prominent. In order to study the impact of urban spatial expansion and socio-economic development on the heat island effect, based on five periods of Landsat remote sensing images from 2000 to 2020, the surface temperature of Hefei City and Nanchang City, China, is inverted using the radiative transfer equation method. The heat island effect in the study area is divided into 4 grades using normalization method, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the heat island effect in the two cities are analyzed and studied, and then the influence factors of the heat island effect intensity are comprehensively analyzed using geographic detectors. The results show that: (1) The urban expansion coefficient of Hefei decreases from 1.70 to 1.08 and finally tends to 1.25 from 2000 to 2015, and decreases to 0.56 from 2015 to 2020, while Nanchang fluctuates between 1.34 and 1.60 from 2000 to 2020. Hefei and Nanchang completed their industrial structure transformation in 2011 and 2018, respectively, evolving towards a trend driven by the tertiary industry. The expansion of the cities in space is inseparable from the development of social economy and the decision-making support of the government. (2) The continuous expansion of the main urban areas of Hefei and Nanchang both show a non-linear growth trend. Hefei surface heat island effect mainly expands in the northeast and southwest directions, while Nanchang mainly shows a southeast-northwest expansion pattern. Hefei and Nanchang surface heat island effect areas have increased from 45.17 km2 and 40.80 km2 to 351.61 km2 and 274.07 km2 respectively during the period, and the development intensity and scope of heat island are consistent with the scale and direction of rapid urban development. (3) The explanatory power of each influencing factor on the intensity of heat island effect in Hefei and Nanchang from large to small is: population density (0.891/0.844), built-up area (0.842/0.810), per capita GDP (0.788/0.773), proportion of secondary industry (0.679/0.711), proportion of tertiary industry (0.582/0.636), among which population density has the greatest impact, and the role of the secondary industry in the industrial structure is higher than that of the tertiary industry. In the other hand, the interaction of each factor has a greater impact on the intensity of the surface heat island effect than a single factor alone. The research results can provide a reference for the planning of Hefei, Nanchang and similar cities, and it seems that reasonable layout of green space in built-up areas and control of urban population can effectively alleviate the development speed of urban surface heat island effect.

Key words: urban surface heat island effect, surface temperature, Landsat, geographical detector

中图分类号:

盛亮亮, 郝泷, 崔玉环, 李鹏飞, 许亚洲, 廖聪聪. 城市发展对地表热岛效应的影响及其相互关系研究——以合肥市和南昌市为例[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2023, 18(6): 602-616.

SHENG Liangliang , HAO Shuang , CUI Yuhuan , LI Pengfei , XU Yazhou , LIAO Congcong. Influence of urban development on surface heat island effect and its relationship: A case of Hefei and Nanchang[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2023, 18(6): 602-616.

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