828 nm水汽差分吸收激光雷达测量误差模拟研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-6141.2025.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水汽是定义大气状态的基本热力学变量之一，不仅对地球大气辐射和能量收支具有重要意义，而且与温室效应等环境问题密切相关，因此，探测大气水汽含量时空分布对全球或区域气象气候研究、天气预报等具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。差分吸收激光雷达 (DIAL) 技术主要利用水汽对强吸收波长λon和弱吸收波长λoff的差分吸收效应实现水汽廓线的探测，具有回波信号强、白天探测性能优越等特色。DIAL在大气水汽廓线遥感探测领域具有重要应用前景，但迄今为止，仍缺乏针对828 nm H2O-DIAL的水汽廓线反演结果影响因素的系统性定量分析。本文基于水汽差分吸收光谱和大气探测激光雷达理论，建立了一套针对828 nm窄线宽H2O-DIAL系统的理论分析模型。依托蒙特卡洛方法，重点分析了分子多普勒展宽效应、大气温度廓线、发射光源频率稳定度、信噪比等因素对水汽廓线反演结果的影响。模拟分析结果表明，多普勒展宽效应引起的水汽浓度廓线反演误差可达7%；利用本地无线电探空仪获取的平均温度廓线反演水汽浓度的误差一般低于2.5%；当激光器的频率稳定度优于400 MHz时，其产生的反演误差一般低于1%。此外，回波信号噪声对反演结果影响较大，若要使得10 km处的反演误差维持在10%以内 (拟合距离300 m)，差分吸收曲线在10 km处的信噪比应大于30 dB。分析结果表明，当探测精度要求较高时 (< 5%)，应仔细考虑温度廓线的不确定性及分子散射的多普勒展宽效应带来的反演误差。本工作将为近红外828 nm窄线宽H2O-DIAL系统的设计与优化提供重要参考和指导。

关键词: 差分吸收激光雷达, 水汽, 反演误差, 多普勒展宽

Abstract: Water vapor is one of the fundamental thermodynamic variables that define the state of the atmosphere. It is not only of great significance to the radiation and energy balance of the Earth's atmosphere, but also closely related to environmental issues such as the greenhouse effect. Therefore, detecting the spatiotemporal distribution of atmospheric water vapor content is of great significance to global or regional meteorological and climate research, weather forecasting, etc. Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technology mainly utilizes the differential absorption effect of water vapor at two neighboring wavelengths, one wavelength with strong absorption (λon) and the other with much weak absorption (λoff), to detect water vapor profiles. It has the characteristics of strong echo and superior daytime performance. DIAL has been considered as an important candidate for remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor profiles, but so far, there is still a lack of systematic quantitative analysis on the influencing factors in the retrieval of the water vapor profile for 828 nm H2O-DIAL. This article establishes a theoretical model for an 828 nm narrowband H2O-DIAL system based on differential absorption spectroscopy of water vapor and atmospheric lidar theory. And based on Monte Carlo method, the influence of molecular Doppler broadening effect, atmospheric temperature profile, frequency stability of the light source, signal-to-noise ratio, and other factors on the retrieval profile of water vapor have been carefully evaluated. It has been found out that the maximum retrieval error of water vapor concentration profile caused by the Doppler broadening effect can reach up to 7%, the error of retrieving the water vapor profile using the average temperature profile obtained from local radiosonde is generally less than 2.5%, and when the frequency fluctuation of the laser is less than 400 MHz, its impact on the retrieved water vapor profile can be ignored. In addition, it is shown that the noise of echo signal has a significant impact on the inversion result. To maintain an inversion error within 10% at 10 km (fitting distance of 300 m), the signal-to-noise ratio of the differential absorption curve at 10 km should be greater than 30 dB. The evaluation result in this work indicates that the uncertainty of temperature profile and the Doppler broadening effect of molecular scattering should be carefully considered for high precision measurements (< 5%). This work will provide important guidance for the design and optimization of near-infrared 828 nm H2O-DIAL system.

Key words: differential absorption lidar, water vapor, retrieval error, Doppler broadening

中图分类号:

P407.4

宋佳铭, 徐宁, 常宇鹏, 成远, 孔政, 梅亮 . 828 nm水汽差分吸收激光雷达测量误差模拟研究[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2025, 20(3): 281-298.

SONG Jiaming , XU Ning , CHANG Yupeng , CHENG Yuan , KONG Zheng , MEI Liang . Simulation on measurement errors of 828 nm water vapor differential absorption lidar[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2025, 20(3): 281-298.

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