新冠肺炎疫情管控期间乌鲁木齐市空气质量变化及原因分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间乌鲁木齐市空气质量变化特征及其影响因素，选取了2020 年乌鲁木齐市两次疫情严格防控期间 (2020 年1 月26 日至3 月21 日和7 月20 至8 月29 日) 及疫情前后，以及2019 年相同时期地面观测站的逐小时空气质量指数 (AQI)、颗粒污染物 (PM2.5、PM10) 和气态污染物 (SO2、NO2、CO、O3) 的数据进行对比分析，探究了气态污染物对颗粒污染物二次合成的贡献，并利用地理探测器对影响空气质量的因子进行了定量探测。结果表明：与2019 年同期相比， 2020 年乌鲁木齐市两次疫情防控期间，除O3外， PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2和CO浓度都呈现下降趋势，分别减少了36%、55%、10%、18%和49%；而同疫情严格防控期相比， 2020 年疫情前后期的AQI、颗粒污染物浓度及气态污染物浓度都要高。说明疫情防控措施在一定程度上减少了乌鲁木齐市颗粒污染物和气体污染的浓度，改善了空气质量。单因子探测结果显示空气污染指标中CO和PM2.5是主导因子，气象因子中气温对空气质量的影响相对较大；交互因子探测结果表明，空气污染物PM2.5和PM10在其他因子的交互作用下对AQI 的影响最明显，而气象因子中相对湿度结合其他因子的交互作用对AQI 影响较明显。说明乌鲁木齐市的空气质量是多种因子相互作用的结果。本研究为乌鲁木齐市空气质量改善和大气污染防治工作提供了理论参考。

关键词: 新型冠状病毒肺炎, 空气质量, 大气污染物, 颗粒污染物二次合成, 地理探测器

Abstract: In order to study the characteristics of air quality changes and their influencing factors in Urumqi, China, during the strict prevention and control of COVID-19, the data of hourly air quality index (AQI), particulate pollutants (PM2.5, PM10) and gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, O3) during the two strict epidemic prevention and control periods (January 26 to March 21, 2020 and July 20 to August 29, 2020) as well as before and after the two control periods in Urumqi in 2020, and in the same period of 2019, were selected for comparative analysis, the contribution of gaseous pollutants to the secondary synthesis of particulate matter was explored, and the quantitative detection of the factors affecting air quality was carried out using geographical detectors. The results show that compared with the same period in 2019, during the two epidemic prevention and control periods in Urumqi in 2020, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO concentrations all show a downward trend, with a decrease of 36%, 55%, 10%, 18% and 49%, respectively. While compared with the two strict epidemic prevention and control periods, the AQI, particulate matter concentration and gaseous pollutant concentration in the pre and post epidemic periods of 2020, are generally higher. That indicates that the epidemic prevention and control measures acquired have reduced the concentration of particulate pollutants and gas pollution in Urumqi to some extent, leading to the improvement of the air quality. The single factor detection results show that CO and PM2.5 are the dominant factors in air pollution indicators, and the temperature has a relatively significant effect on air quality in meteorological factors. The interaction factor detection results show that air pollutants PM2.5 and PM10 have the most obvious effects on AQI under the interaction of the other factors, and the interaction of relative humidity with other factors in meteorological factors has a significant effect on AQI. So it is shown that the air quality of Urumqi city is the result of the interaction of multiple factors. This study provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of air quality and air pollution prevention and control in Urumqi.

Key words: COVID-19, air quality, air pollutants, secondary synthesis of particulate contaminants; geographical detector

中图分类号:

X511

居鲁都孜·沙山, 昝梅, . 新冠肺炎疫情管控期间乌鲁木齐市空气质量变化及原因分析[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2023, 18(5): 479-493.

Juluduzi Shashan , ZAN Mei , . Change and correlation analysis of air quality in Urumqi during the epidemic of COVID-19[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2023, 18(5): 479-493.

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