Monitoring of Air Quality During Haze Days in Beijing and its Surround Area During Olympic Game

Abstract

Abstract:

A world-wide attention has been paid to the air quality during the Beijing Olympic game, especially the air pollution during the haze days. In order to monitor the air quality during Olympic game, a project of Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, named as ‘Union Action Plan for Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting during Olympic Game in Beijing and its surround Area’, was carried out in Beijing in 2008. Different techniques have been used, including the ground-based in-situ measurements, ground-based remote sensing and satellite measurements. The results demonstrated that the haze distribution on a regional scale can be derived from satellite measurements, and the relative humidity of 68.84% during the haze days in Beijing is only 4.23% larger than that during the non-haze days. Measurements from the super station at the institute of Remote Sensing Applications (IRSA) revealed that the visibilities were about 5 km during the haze days, and the haze aerosol optical depths were mostly more than 1.0 during last August. The ground-based measurements from Beijing and its surrounding stations show that the averaged PM2.5 and PM10 mass densities were 68.08 ?g/m3 and 178.81 ?g/m3 during the haze days respectively, while the corresponding values are 29.58 ?g/m3 and 76.05 ?g/m3 during the non-haze days. The measured total column densities of NO2 are far below the national standard, however, the space-borne observation by OMI/Aura showed high values in several areas in North China, including Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan and some regions located in Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi and Henan provinces. Further analysis to the monitoring data and the backward track trajectory of wind profile indicated that the formation of haze in Beijing is mostly resulted from the wet growth of fine solution particulates under the stable atmospheric conditions with a plenty of water vapor, consequently leading to the rapid decrease of the visibility. As an evidence, a rapid increase of the PM10 mass extinction across section was noticed that when the relative humidity is up to 95% from the measurements at the super station.

Key words: Beijing Olympic game; haze; air quality

CLC Number:

X831

CHEN Liang-Fu, DAO Jin-Hua, WANG Zi-Feng, LI Shen-Shen, HAN Dong, ZHANG Ying, YU Chao, SU Lin. Monitoring of Air Quality During Haze Days in Beijing and its Surround Area During Olympic Game[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2009, 4(4): 256-265.

References

[1] Du Shaozhong. We must strive to meet our air quality promises which we applied for the Olympic Game
[OL]. http://news.xinhuanet.com/ politics/2008-02/27/content_7681578.htm(in Chinese).
杜少中. 我们一定努力兑现申奥时的空气质量承诺
[OL]. http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2008-02/27/content_7681578.htm.

[2] Sun Ying. Air quality during the Olympic Games does not affect the health of athletes
[N/OL]. Beijing Evening, 2008-07-28(in Chinese).
孙颖. 奥运期间空气质量不影响运动员健康
[N/OL]. 北京晚报, 2008-07-28.

[3] Mao Jietai. Fog, brume and haze
[N/OL]. China Meteorological Daily, 2007-03-16(in Chinese).
毛节泰. 关于雾、霭和霾
[N/OL]. 中国气象报, 2007-03-16.

[4] Wu Dui. A discussion on difference between haze and fog and warning of ash haze weather
[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2005, 31(4): 3-7(in Chinese).
吴兑. 关于霾与雾的区别和灰霾天气预警的讨论
[J]. 气象, 2005, 31(4): 3-7.

[5] Wu Dui. More discussions on the differences between haze and fog in city
[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2006, 32(4): 9-15(in Chinese).
吴兑. 再论都市霾与雾的区别
[J]. 气象, 2006, 32(4): 9-15.

[6] Ramanathan V, Crutzen P J, Mitra A P, et al. The Indian Ocean experiment and the Asian brown cloud
[J]. Current Science, 2002, 83(8): 947-955.

[7] Yuan Haijun, Gu Xingfa, Chen Liangfu, et al. Retrieval and analysis of aerosol optical thickness over Qianyanzhou region
[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2006, 10(5): 762-769(in Chinese).
袁海军, 顾行发, 陈良富, 等. 江西千烟洲气溶胶光学厚度的反演与分析
[J]. 遥感学报, 2006, 10(5): 762-769.
[8] Remer L A., Tanré D, Kaufman Y. Algorithm for remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol from MODIS: collection5. ATBD, 2006.

[9] Chance K. OMI Algorithm theoretical basis document (Volume IV): OMI trace gas algorithms. ATBD-OMI-02, Version 2.0, August 2002.

[10]Chen Liangfu, Han Dong, Tao Jinhua, et al. Overview of tropospheric NO2 vertical column density retrieval from space measurement
[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 13(3): 400-408.

[11] Huai Hongyan, Li Zhengqiang, Chen Liangfu, et al. Aerosol property change study in north city of Beijing based on the ground-based polarized measurement
[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2008, 12(3): 490-498(in Chinese).
怀红燕, 李正强, 陈良富, 等. 基于地基偏振观测研究北京城区北部大气气溶胶特性变化
[J].遥感学报, 2008, 12(3): 490-498.

[12] China Meteorological Administration. Criterion for Ground-based Meteorological Observation
[M]. Meteorological Press, 2003(in Chinese).
中国气象局编.《地面气象观测规范》
[M]. 气象出版社，2003.

[13] Yan Peng, Pang Xiaole, Tang Jie, et al. An experimental study on the influence of relative humidity on the atmospheric aerosol scattering coefficient at an urban site in Beijing
[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2008, 66(1): 111-119(in Chinese).
颜鹏, 潘小乐, 汤洁, 等. 北京市区大气气溶胶散射系数亲水增长的观测研究
[J]. 气象学报, 2008, 66(1): 111-119.