Optical properties of secondary organic aerosols
formed from aromatic compounds: A review

Abstract

Abstract: Aromatic compounds are one important kind of precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The atmospheric oxidation of aromatic compounds can produce light-absorbing brown carbon (BrC). Therefore, understanding the optical properties (e.g., light scattering, light absorption, and single scattering albedo) of SOA formed from aromatic compounds has great implications on the quantification of their impact on air quality, visibility, and climate change. In this review, we summarise the optical properties of SOA formed from three typical kinds of aromatic compounds in laboratory studies: single-ring aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygenated aromatic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The similarities and differences of light scattering and absorption parameters from literature are analyzed and compared, the impacts of various environmental factors on SOA optical properties are summarised, and the key research directions in the future are proposed.

Key words: aromatic compounds, secondary organic aerosol, brown carbon, light scattering, light absorption

CLC Number:

X131.1
X513

LI Kun∗, WANG Weigang, DU Lin, GE Maofa, . Optical properties of secondary organic aerosols formed from aromatic compounds: A review[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2022, 17(1): 29-44.

References 20

[1]	Seinfeld J H, Pandis S N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, 3rd Edition [M].
	Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
[2]	Hallquist M, Wenger J C, Baltensperger U, et al. The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: Current
	and emerging issues [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2009, 9(14): 5155-5236.
[3]	IPCC. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report
	of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
[4]	Moise T, Flores J M, Rudich Y. Optical properties of secondary organic aerosols and their changes by chemical processes [J].
	Chemical Reviews, 2015, 115(10): 4400-4439.
[5]	Laskin A, Laskin J, Nizkorodov S A. Chemistry of atmospheric brown carbon [J]. Chemical Reviews, 2015, 115(10): 4335-
	4382.
[6]	Andreae M O, Gelencser A. Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols [J]. ´ Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2006, 6(10): 3131-3148.
[7]	Sun H, Biedermann L, Bond T C. Color of brown carbon: A model for ultraviolet and visible light absorption by organic
	carbon aerosol [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007, 34(17): L17813.
[8]	Alexander D T L, Crozier P A, Anderson J R. Brown carbon spheres in east Asian outflow and their optical properties [J].
	Science, 2008, 321(5890): 833-836.
[9]	Zhang W, Wang W, Li J, et al. Light absorption properties and potential sources of brown carbon in Fenwei Plain during winter
20	18-2019 [J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2021, 102: 53-63.
[10]	Teich M, van Pinxteren D, Wang M, et al. Contributions of nitrated aromatic compounds to the light absorption of water-soluble
	and particulate brown carbon in different atmospheric environments in Germany and China [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and
	Physics, 2017, 17(3): 1653-1672.
[11]	Huang R J, Yang L, Shen J, et al. Water-insoluble organics dominate brown carbon in wintertime urban aerosol of China:
	Chemical characteristics and optical properties [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020, 54(13): 7836-7847.
[12]	Li X, Yang Y, Liu S, et al. Light absorption properties of brown carbon (BrC) in autumn and winter in Beijing: Composition,
	formation and contribution of nitrated aromatic compounds [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2020, 223: 117289.
[13]	Yuan W, Huang R J, Yang L, et al. Measurement report: PM2:5-bound nitrated aromatic compounds in Xi′an, Northwest
	China—seasonal variations and contributions to optical properties of brown carbon [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,
20	21, 21(5): 3685-3697.
[14]	Li X, Hu M, Wang Y, et al. Links between the optical properties and chemical compositions of brown carbon chromophores in
	different environments: Contributions and formation of functionalized aromatic compounds [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 786: 147418.
[15]	Chow K S, Huang X H H, Yu J Z. Quantification of nitroaromatic compounds in atmospheric fine particulate matter in Hong
	Kong over 3 years: Field measurement evidence for secondary formation derived from biomass burning emissions [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2016, 13(4): 665-673.
[16]	Wang Y, Hu M, Wang Y, et al. The formation of nitro-aromatic compounds under high NOx and anthropogenic VOC conditions
	in urban Beijing, China [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2019, 19(11): 7649-7665.
[17]	Odum J R, Jungkamp T P W, Griffin R J, et al. The atmospheric aerosol-forming potential of whole gasoline vapor [J]. Science,
19	97, 276(5309): 96-99.
[18]	Lu Z F, Hao J M, Duan J C, et al. Estimate of the formation potential of secondary organic aerosol in Beijing summertime [J].
	Environmental Science, 2009, 30(4): 969-975.
	吕子峰, 郝吉明, 段菁春, 等. 北京市夏季二次有机气溶胶生成潜势的估算 [J]. 环境科学, 2009, 30(4): 969-975.
[19]	Chen W T, Shao M, Yuan B, et al. Parameterization of contribution to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from
	ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2013, 33(1): 163-172.
	陈文泰, 邵敏, 袁斌, 等. 大气中挥发性有机物 (VOCs) 对二次有机气溶胶 (SOA) 生成贡献的参数化估算 [J]. 环境科学
	学报, 2013, 33(1): 163-172.
[20]	Yuan Z, Lau A K H, Shao M, et al. Source analysis of volatile organic compounds by positive matrix factorization in urban
	and rural environments in Beijing [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 2009, 114(D2): D00G15.
[21]	Li K, Li J, Wang W, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness of joint emission control policies on the reduction of ambient VOCs:
	Implications from observation during the 2014 APEC summit in suburban Beijing [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2017, 164:
11	7-127.
[22]	Akherati A, He Y, Coggon M M, et al. Oxygenated aromatic compounds are important precursors of secondary organic aerosol
	in biomass-burning emissions [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020, 54(14): 8568-8579.
[23]	Yee L D, Kautzman K E, Loza C L, et al. Secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass burning intermediates: Phenol
	and methoxyphenols [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013, 13(16): 8019-8043.
[24]	Sato K, Hatakeyama S, Imamura T. Secondary organic aerosol formation during the photooxidation of toluene: NOx dependence of chemical composition [J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2007, 111(39): 9796-9808.
[25]	Nishino N, Atkinson R, Arey J. Formation of nitro products from the gas-phase OH radical-initiated reactions of toluene,
	naphthalene, and biphenyl: Effect of NO2 concentration [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(24): 9203-9209.
[26]	Ravindra K, Sokhi R, Van Grieken R. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source attribution, emission factors and
	regulation [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2008, 42(13): 2895-2921.
[27]	Chang J L, Thompson J E. Characterization of colored products formed during irradiation of aqueous solutions containing
	H2O2 and phenolic compounds [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2010, 44(4): 541-551.
[28]	Cui Y, Frie A L, Dingle J H, et al. Influence of ammonia and relative humidity on the formation and composition of secondary
	brown carbon from oxidation of 1-methylnaphthalene and longifolene [J]. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 2021, 5(4): 858-
	869.
[29]	Dingle J H, Zimmerman S, Frie A L, et al. Complex refractive index, single scattering albedo, and mass absorption coefficient
	of secondary organic aerosols generated from oxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic precursors [J]. Aerosol Science and
	Technology, 2019, 53(4): 449-463.
[30]	Feng Z, Huang M, Cai S, et al. Characterization of single scattering albedo and chemical components of aged toluene secondary
	organic aerosol [J]. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 2019, 10(6): 1736-1744.
[31]	Fleming L T, Ali N N, Blair S L, et al. Formation of light-absorbing organosulfates during evaporation of secondary organic
	material extracts in the presence of sulfuric acid [J]. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 2019, 3(6): 947-957.
[32]	Flores J M, Zhao D F, Segev L, et al. Evolution of the complex refractive index in the UV spectral region in ageing secondary
	organic aerosol [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014, 14(11): 5793-5806.
[33]	Haynes J P, Miller K E, Majestic B J. Investigation into photoinduced auto-oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
	resulting in brown carbon production [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019, 53(2): 682-691.
[34]	He Q, Bluvshtein N, Segev L, et al. Evolution of the complex refractive index of secondary organic aerosols during atmospheric
	aging [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018, 52(6): 3456-3465.
[35]	Huang M, Xu J, Cai S, et al. Characterization of brown carbon constituents of benzene secondary organic aerosol aged with
	ammonia [J]. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2018, 75(2): 205-218.
[36]	Jiang W, Misovich M V, Hettiyadura A P S, et al. Photosensitized reactions of a phenolic carbonyl from wood combustion
	in the aqueous phase-chemical evolution and light absorption properties of aqSOA [J]. Environmental Science & Technology,
20	21, 55(8): 5199-5211.
[37]	Kim H, Barkey B, Paulson S E. Real refractive indices of α-and β-pinene and toluene secondary organic aerosols generated
	from ozonolysis and photo-oxidation [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010, 115(D24): D24212.
[38]	Kim H, Paulson S E. Real refractive indices and volatility of secondary organic aerosol generated from photooxidation and
	ozonolysis of limonene, α-pinene and toluene [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013, 13(15): 7711-7723.
[39]	Lambe A T, Cappa C D, Massoli P, et al. Relationship between oxidation level and optical properties of secondary organic
	aerosol [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(12): 6349-6357.
[40]	Lee H J, Aiona P K, Laskin A, et al. Effect of solar radiation on the optical properties and molecular composition of laboratory
	proxies of atmospheric brown carbon [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2014, 48(17): 10217-10226.
[41]	Li K, Wang W, Ge M, et al. Optical properties of secondary organic aerosols generated by photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons [J]. Scientific Reports, 2014, 4: 4922.
[42]	Li K, Li J, Liggio J, et al. Enhanced light scattering of secondary organic aerosols by multiphase reactions [J]. Environmental
	Science & Technology, 2017, 51(3): 1285-1292.
[43]	Li K, Li J, Wang W, et al. Effects of gas-particle partitioning on refractive index and chemical composition of m-xylene
	secondary organic aerosol [J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2018, 122(12): 3250-3260.
[44]	Lin P, Liu J, Shilling J E, et al. Molecular characterization of brown carbon (BrC) chromophores in secondary organic aerosol
	generated from photo-oxidation of toluene [J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2015, 17(36): 23312-23325.
[45]	Liu P F, Zhang Y, Martin S T. Complex refractive indices of thin films of secondary organic materials by spectroscopic ellipsometry from 220 to 1200 nm [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(23): 13594-13601.
[46]	Liu P F, Abdelmalki N, Hung H M, et al. Ultraviolet and visible complex refractive indices of secondary organic material
	produced by photooxidation of the aromatic compounds toluene and m-xylene [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2015,
15	(3): 1435-1446.
[47]	Liu J, Lin P, Laskin A, et al. Optical properties and aging of light-absorbing secondary organic aerosol [J]. Atmospheric
	Chemistry and Physics, 2016, 16(19): 12815-12827.
[48]	Liu Y, Lu J, Chen Y, et al. Aqueous-phase production of secondary organic aerosols from oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT)
[J]	Atmosphere, 2020, 11(2): 151.
[49]	Lu J, Ge X, Liu Y, et al. Significant secondary organic aerosol production from aqueous-phase processing of two intermediate
	volatility organic compounds [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2019, 211: 63-68.
[50]	Metcalf A R, Loza C L, Coggon M M, et al. Secondary organic aerosol coating formation and evaporation: Chamber studies
	using black carbon seed aerosol and the single-particle soot photometer [J]. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2013, 47(3):
32	6-347.
[51]	Nakayama T, Matsumi Y, Sato K, et al. Laboratory studies on optical properties of secondary organic aerosols generated during
	the photooxidation of toluene and the ozonolysis of α-pinene [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010, 115(D24): D24204.
[52]	Nakayama T, Sato K, Matsumi Y, et al. Wavelength and NOx dependent complex refractive index of SOAs generated from the
	photooxidation of toluene [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013, 13(2): 531-545.
[53]	Qi X, Zhu S, Zhu C, et al. Smog chamber study of the effects of NOx and NH3 on the formation of secondary organic aerosols
	and optical properties from photo-oxidation of toluene [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 727: 138632.
[54]	Romonosky D E, Ali N N, Saiduddin M N, et al. Effective absorption cross sections and photolysis rates of anthropogenic and
	biogenic secondary organic aerosols [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2016, 130: 172-179.
[55]	Slikboer S, Grandy L, Blair S L, et al. Formation of light absorbing soluble secondary organics and insoluble polymeric
	particles from the dark reaction of catechol and guaiacol with Fe(III) [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 49(13):
77	93-7801.
[56]	Tajuelo M, Rodriguez D, Baeza-Romero M T, et al. Secondary organic aerosol formation from styrene photolysis and photooxidation with hydroxyl radicals [J]. Chemosphere, 2019, 231: 276-286.
[57]	Updyke K M, Nguyen T B, Nizkorodov S A. Formation of brown carbon via reactions of ammonia with secondary organic
	aerosols from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2012, 63: 22-31.
[58]	Vidovic K, Krofli ´ c A, ˇ cala M, ˇ et al. Aqueous-phase brown carbon formation from aromatic precursors under sunlight conditions
[J]	Atmosphere, 2020, 11(2): 131.
[59]	Wang J M, Zhao X Y, Chen L H, et al. Ammonia effect on optical properties of secondary organic aerosols [J]. Journal of
	Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(9): 1812-1818.
	王军明, 赵兴亚, 陈玲红, 等. 氨对二次有机气溶胶光学特性的影响 [J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(9): 1812-1818.
[60]	Xie M, Chen X, Hays M D, et al. Light absorption of secondary organic aerosol: Composition and contribution of nitroaromatic
	compounds [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 51(20): 11607-11616.
[61]	Xu J, Cui T, Fowler B, et al. Aerosol brown carbon from dark reactions of syringol in aqueous aerosol mimics [J]. ACS Earth
	and Space Chemistry, 2018, 2(6): 608-617.
[62]	Xu J, Huang M Q, Feng Z Z, et al. Experimental study the effects of ammonia on the formation and chemical composition of
	toluene secondary organic aerosol [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018, 38(8): 3243-3251.
	徐俊, 黄明强, 冯状状, 等. 氨对甲苯二次有机气溶胶形成和化学组分的影响研究 [J]. 环境科学学报, 2018, 38(8):
32	43-3251.
[63]	Ye Z, Qu Z, Ma S, et al. A comprehensive investigation of aqueous-phase photochemical oxidation of 4-ethylphenol [J].
	Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 685: 976-985.
[64]	Ye Z, Zhuang Y, Chen Y, et al. Aqueous-phase oxidation of three phenolic compounds by hydroxyl radical: Insight into
	secondary organic aerosol formation yields, mechanisms, products and optical properties [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2020,
22	3: 117240.
[65]	Zhang W, Wang W, Li J, et al. Effects of SO2 on optical properties of secondary organic aerosol generated from photooxidation
	of toluene under different relative humidity conditions [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2020, 20(7): 4477-4492.
[66]	Zhong M, Jang M. Light absorption coefficient measurement of SOA using a UV-Visible spectrometer connected with an
	integrating sphere [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011, 45(25): 4263-4271.
[67]	Qi X, Pang X, Hong Y, et al. Real-time analysis of the homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of pyrene with ozone by
	SPAMS and CRD-EAS [J]. Chemosphere, 2019, 234: 608-617.
[68]	Lee A K, Zhao R, Li R, et al. Formation of light absorbing organo-nitrogen species from evaporation of droplets containing
	glyoxal and ammonium sulfate [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(22): 12819-12826.
[69]	Galloway M M, Chhabra P S, Chan A W H, et al. Glyoxal uptake on ammonium sulphate seed aerosol: Reaction products and
	reversibility of uptake under dark and irradiated conditions [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2009, 9(10): 3331-3345.
[70]	Surratt J D, Chan A W, Eddingsaas N C, et al. Reactive intermediates revealed in secondary organic aerosol formation from
	isoprene [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010, 107(15): 6640-6645.
[71]	Liggio J, Li S M, McLaren R. Heterogeneous reactions of glyoxal on particulate matter: Identification of acetals and sulfate
	esters [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005, 39(6): 1532-1541.
[72]	Ng N L, Chhabra P S, Chan A W H, et al. Effect of NOx level on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the
	photooxidation of terpenes [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2007, 7(19): 5159-5174.
[73]	Eddingsaas N C, Loza C L, Yee L D, et al. α-pinene photooxidation under controlled chemical conditions-Part 2: SOA yield
	and composition in low-and high-NOx environments [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012, 12(16): 7413-7427.
[74]	Li K, Liggio J, Han C, et al. Understanding the impact of high-NOx conditions on the formation of secondary organic aerosol
	in the photooxidation of oil sand-related precursors [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019, 53(24): 14420-14429.
[75]	Li K, Liggio J, Lee P, et al. Secondary organic aerosol formation from α-pinene, alkanes and oil-sands-related precursors in a
	new oxidation flow reactor [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2019, 19(15): 9715-9731.
[76]	Lack D A, Cappa C D, Covert D S, et al. Bias in filter-based aerosol light absorption measurements due to organic aerosol
	loading: Evidence from ambient measurements [J]. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2008, 42(12): 1033-1041.
[77]	Cappa C D, Lack D A, Burkholder J B, et al. Bias in filter-based aerosol light absorption measurements due to organic aerosol
	loading: Evidence from laboratory measurements [J]. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2008, 42(12): 1022-1032.
[78]	Lambe A T, Onasch T B, Croasdale D R, et al. Transitions from functionalization to fragmentation reactions of laboratory secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated from the OH oxidation of alkane precursors [J]. Environmental Science & Technology,
20	12, 46(10): 5430-5437.
[79]	Sato K, Takami A, Kato Y, et al. AMS and LC/MS analyses of SOA from the photooxidation of benzene and 1,3,5-
	trimethylbenzene in the presence of NOx: Effects of chemical structure on SOA aging [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,
20	12, 12(10): 4667-4682.
[80]	Li J, Wang W, Li K, et al. Development and application of the multi-wavelength cavity ring-down aerosol extinction spectrometer [J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2019, 76: 227-237.
[81]	Li J, Li H, Li K, et al. Enhanced secondary organic aerosol formation from the photo-oxidation of mixed anthropogenic volatile
	organic compounds [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2021, 21(10): 7773-7789.
[82]	McFiggans G, Mentel T F, Wildt J, et al. Secondary organic aerosol reduced by mixture of atmospheric vapours [J]. Nature,
20	19, 565(7741): 587-593.

Optical properties of secondary organic aerosols formed from aromatic compounds: A review

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References 20

Related Articles 13

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	JIANG Xiaotong, DU Lin∗. Research process of influence of environmental factors on secondary organic aerosol formation [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2022, 17(1): 3-15.
[2]	XIANG Wang, WANG Weigang, ∗, ZHANG Wenyu, GE Maofa, ∗, LI Kun. Research progress of optical properties of secondary organic aerosols [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2022, 17(1): 16-28.
[3]	CHEN Haibiao, YAN Caiqing, ∗, WANG Xinfeng, DU Lin, LIU Jiumeng, CHENG Yuan, ZHENG Mei. Research progress on light absorption properties and related influencing factors of atmospheric brown carbon aerosols [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2022, 17(1): 45-64.
[4]	ZHU Xin, CHEN Qingcai∗, WANG Qingwen, Li Jinwen, CHENG Jingwen, LANG Hanrui, WANG Maoying. Absorbance of brown carbon in atmospheric particulate matter in Xi′an [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2022, 17(1): 125-134.
[5]	PENG Chao, CHEN Yang∗, YANG Fumo, TIAN Mi, ZHAI Chongzhi, . Light absorption properties and implications of particulate brown carbon in Chongqing [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2022, 17(1): 135-147.
[6]	Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai , China, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai , China. Effects of NH3 on the formation of SOA derived from xylene photochemical oxidation [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2022, 17(1): 185-194.
[7]	ZHU Shengnan, LI Zhujie, Ma Yan, GE Yifeng, ZHENG Jun∗. Contribution of Brown Carbon to Light Absorption of Atmospheric Particles During Nanjing Youth Olympic Games [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2021, 16(6): 504-519.
[8]	. Monitoring of Algal Flocculation Using Polarized Light Scattering [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2020, 15(1): 72-80.
[9]	CHEN Xu1,2, DING Lei1, WANG Yingping1, ZHENG Haiyang1, FANG Ll1. Investigation of Polarization Scattering Characteristics of Single Particle Aerosols [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2019, 14(5): 321-329.
[10]	RONG Hua, GU Xue-Jun, WEN Zuo-Ying, ZHU Yu-Feng, TANG Xiao-Feng, ZHAO Wei-Xiong, ZHANG Wei-Jun. Measurement of Refractive Index of Aerosol Particles Using Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2017, 12(5): 349-355.
[11]	LI Yan, XUE Rui, Michael J. Ezell, Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts. Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Scattering Property of Airborne Sea Salt Particle [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2014, 9(3): 215-222.
[12]	LIU Zhi, HU Chang-Jin, CHENG Yue, PAN Gang, ZHENG Xiao-Hong, GU Xue-Jun, ZHAO Wei-Xiong, ZHANG Wei-Jun. Effect of Illumination on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Ozonolysis of Limonene [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2012, (5): 348-357.
[13]	ZHENG Xiao-Hong, HU Chang-Jin, Pan Gang, CHENG Yue, LIU Zhi, ZHAO Wei-Xiong, GU Xue-Jun, ZHANG Wei-Jun. Hygroscopicity of SOA Formed by Ozonolysis of Styrene [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2012, (4): 254-.